Chapter 7

Los Angeles W. Africa Arabian Peninsula Rome Constantinople India Mexico CHINA Korea Japan

China Timeline

China Timeline

The Han dynasty collapsed in 220 China split into several rival and competing kingdoms ruled by military leaders Disorder during this period of time Fighting; kingdoms were divided; separated or broken-up They were not joined together as a union or a nation = DISUNION This time period was known as the Period of Disunion 1.Period of Disunion ( ) *Disorder was very common throughout Chinese history * After each dynasty collapsed, another Period of Disorder would occur.

Cultural Blending 2. nomads 3. The northern Chinese moved south to escape the nomadic invaders 2. nomadic invaders who took over China 3. The northern and southern China did not adopt the nomad’s culture

Cultural Blending 4. Cultural blending 4. Instead, the northern and southern Chinese developed their own culture by: (a) dressing alike (b) same music (c) art (d) food (e) clothing, etc.

#5. 3 Important Dynasties 5. Dynasties in order First Dynasty Second Dynasty Third Dynasty Sui Tang Song

Sui Dynasty

The Sui Dynasty 6. The dynasty that ended the Period of Disunion (a) the emperor who unified China - he created the Sui Dynasty (b) this canal linked northern and southern China 6. Lasted from (a) Yang Jian -reunified and restored order (b) Grand Canal -helped leaders restore order

Sui Dynasty ( ) (a) reunifies/ restores order (b) begins building the Grand Canal linking north and south

Tang Dynasty

7. The Tang Dynasty, pg. 167 (a) this dynasty was formed after the Sui was over thrown (b) it lasted approx. 300 years. (c) it grew include eastern and central Asia (d) The Golden Age of Chinese civilization 7. The Tang Dynasty -art, learning -culture This period of time was known as the Golden Age -art -learning -culture

The “golden age” 1. Culture flourished 2. Capital: Chang’an (Xi’an) a. largest city in the world

The Tang Dynasty ( ) expanded the empire into east and central Asia

7. The Tang Dynasty, pg. 167 ( f) One of the greatest rulers of this dynasty -conquered new land -reformed the military -created new laws (f) Taizong

Empress Wu First female empress to rule China

7. The Tang Dynasty, pg. 167 (g) first female empress -ruled China with an iron fist (very mean) -she was not well-liked ( g) Empress Wu -she did not feel her sons were worthy to rule when her husband died

8. After the Tang Dynasty fell (a) China fell into another Period of Disunion (b) Five Dynasties and and Ten Kingdoms (b) Another Period of Disunion -fighting -China was not united

9. The Song Dynasty ( a) Ruled for 300 years (b) Improvements -Buddhism -Reunified -Confucianism -Daoism (a) China was reunified again under the Song Dynasty (b) Great accomplishments -helped reunify China -China was united again -Chinese philosophy -an organized religion that developed during this time period

Advances in Agriculture

IV. Song Dynasty ( ) 2. A faster ripening rice was discovered, result: 2 to 3 times more rice produced a. population increased Great advances in farming methods 1. wheat in the north & rice in the south

10. Song Dynasty (a) The workers during the Song Dynasty learned to dig underground wells (b) dragon backbone pump - allows 1 pump to do the work of many workers -the pump was light & portable (a) advances in agriculture (b) Improved technology

Cities and Trade

The Silk Road

11. City Life (a) Chang’an - largest city & capital of Tang (b) Trade city-mix of cultures -China, Korea, Persia, Arabia, Europe

12. Trade (a) The Grand Canal -a series of waterways that linked major cities -transported people, goods, crops -enabled China to benefit from trade -cities became richer and bigger Grand Canal

12. Trade (continued) -construction began with the Sui and Tang Dynasties -it was built to transport rice and other foods from the south to feed China’s cities and armies in the north. -an important transportation link (linking the north to the south) Grand Canal

Art and Inventions

Artists and Poets – p. 173 Song Dynasty Li Quingzhao greatest female poet Clay figurines Porcelain Celadon-pale green glaze

Important Inventions: Paper, p. 174 Invented during Han Dynasty Cheap & easy way to keep records Made printing possible Made paper currency or money possible

Important Inventions: Porcelain – p st made in Tang Dynasty Made better in Song Important trade item

Important Inventions: Woodblock Printing – p. 174 Invented in Tang Dyn-centuries before known in Europe Form of printing in which an entire page is carved into a block of wood Ink is applied & paper pressed onto block to create page Much faster than doing it by hand 1st known printed book in 868

Important Inventions: Gunpowder – p. 174 A mixture or powders used in guns or explosives Late Tang or early Song 1st used to make fireworks or signals Not generally used as a weapon Later used to make bombs & rockets Eventually used for guns, explosives, firearms, & cannons Changed how wars were fought & therefore changed human history

Important Inventions: Moveable Type – p. 174 Invented in Song Dynasty Made printing much faster Carved letters could be rearranged & reused to print many different things, like books

Important Inventions: Magnetic Compass, p. 174 Used the earth’s magnetic field to show direction Revolutionized (changed and improved) travel Allowed sailors & merchants to travel vast (far) distances Most important factor that improved sailing voyages in history

Important Inventions: Paper Money – p. 174 Invented by Song Dynasty Lighter & easier to use than coins Made it easier to manage their wealth

Chapter 7, Section 3

Confucianism

Confucian Ideas – p.177 Teachings focused on ethics or proper behavior for individuals & governments People should follow 2 basic principles- Ren-concern for others Li-appropriate behavior Society would work best if everyone followed ren and li

Confucian Ideas – p. 177 Everyone had a proper role in society Order was maintained if everyone knew their roles and behaved appropriately Ex. – young people should obey their elders Ex. – subjects should obey their rulers

The Influence of Confucianism – p.177 At first, his ideas not widely followed after his death Han Dyn.-comes into favor Becomes the official state philosophy

The Influence of Confucianism – p. 177 Period of Disunion-overshadowed by Buddhism Sui & early Tang-Buddhism very influential-promising escape from suffering Confucianism, which stressed ethics, lost some influence, but still important

Neo-Confucianism – p. 178 Late in Tang Dyn.-renewed interest in Confucianism because scholars wanted to improve govt. & society Neo-Confucianism develops during & after the Song Dynasty Neo means new

Neo-Confucianism – p. 178 Neo-Confucianism-similar to old philosophy because it taught proper behavior It also emphasized spiritual matters (new part) Much more influential under Song and even more later Ideas became official govt. teachings after Song

Confucius Quotes A superior man is modest in his speech, but exceeds in his actions. Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life. Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall. Success depends upon previous preparation, and without such preparation there is sure to be failure.

Scholar-Officials

Scholar Officials – pp Song Dyn. improved system by which people worked for the govt. Workers formed a bureaucracy-body of unelected govt. officials Civil Service-means service as a govt. official People had to pass written exams to become govt. officials Students were tested on Confucianism & related ideas

Scholar-Officials – pp Tests very difficult-took years of study Passing meant life as a scholar-official-an educated member of the govt. Scholar-officials were highly respected members of society with many privileges This system ensured that talented people became govt. officials

V. The Age of Buddhism ( ) A. began in India in 500bc B. many began practicing during the period of disunion after the fall of the Han *these were times of trouble *people took comfort in Buddhist teachings and felt they can escape and achieve a state of peace. 1. “suffering can end through cycle of rebirth” C. influenced art, literature, architecture D. blended with Confucianism & Daoism

Buddhism D. Buddhist teachings 1. a religion- based on teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, aka Buddha 2. Buddha means “enlightened one” 3. He lived in India BC 4. he brought the religion to China in 200 AD by Buddhist monks who traveled along the Silk Road

Buddhism this comes from the curriculum. The teacher is not pushing her personal beliefs onto the students. 5. Buddhist Teachings- 4 Noble Truths (1) all life is suffering and pain (2) suffering and pain are caused by desire for wealth, pleasure, fame, power (3) to end suffering one must overcome desire (4) to over come desire, one must foll the Middle Way

Buddhism 6. The Middle Way- to have morally excellent conduct and compassion for all living things = calmness and purity of mind

Buddhism 7. Reincarnation- when a person dies, the soul is reborn in a new body 8. Nirvana- the first goal is to attain nirvana = desire nothing 9. After nirvana, a person breaks the cycle of life and death; they are no longer is reincarnated into an earthy life of suffering 10. The final goal- to devote their lives to bring others to enlightenment

Daoism A. Laozi- the first Daoist philosopher, BC B. Teachings- 1. the goal in life was to achieve oneness with the Dao, a universal force connected to nature that cannot be defined, only experienced and felt

Daoism 2. humans should see themselves as part of nature and should understand change as part of everything 3. the best way for humans to find peace is by living simply, in harmony with nature 4. observe how nature acts- sit by a river, feel a breeze, observe a cloud drifting, etc

Daoism 5. they don’t believe in strong government, they believe happiness and pace can be achieved by thinging about nature and leading a balanced life in tune with nature; not laws or rules 6. harmony comes from balanceing the opposite forces of nature called yin and yang

Daoism 7. yin’s attributes = female, earth, dark, cold 8. yang’s attributes = male, sky, light, heat

VI. Achievements of the Tang & Song 1. irrigation: the dragon backbone pump 2. city life: busy trading centers A. Persians, Arabs, Koreans, & Europeans 3. trade grew along with cities A. exported: tea, rice, spices, jade

B. Silk & porcelain 1. kept technology a secret to control trade

4. Other inventions: Woodblock printing Magnetic compass- this instrument uses the Earth’s magnetic field to show direction; helped travels and navigators of ships to figure out the direction they are going.

Gunpowder 1.The crossbow- was invented before gunpowder. It was considered as one of the most deadly weapons of this era 2.Fireworks- gun powder was invented during the Tang and Song dynasty. It was used to make fireworks 3.Warfare- gun powder was also used to make explosive devices: flares, fireworks, bombs, grenades, land mines; guns, etc.

Paper and Paper Money Invented during the Han dynasty around 105, paper was one of the greatest of all Chinese inventions. It gave the Chinese a cheap and easy way to keep records and made printing possible. Paper money

Printing Limited the use of Printing Paper money, see pg Too much printing of paper money made the value of the money go down, so money lost its value and making it worthless

Write down as many details about the following inventions as you can… …You will use the information for the next project…

VII. Confucianism and Government 1. Confucius’ ideas influenced the Song Dynasty A. focused on two principles of ethics 1. ren: concern for others 2. li: proper behavior

Confucianism B. Belief System- Kong Fuzi = Confucious 1. lived in China BC 2. developed the philosophy of life and for government 3. focused on proper conduct, respect for elders, education, and government service 4. he felt this would create a peaceful, stable society

Confucianism 5. He based his ideas on ancient Chinese traditions of respect and hard work

Confucianism B. The Code of Behavior = 5 relationships 1. ruler and subject 2. parent and child 3. husband and wife 4. sibling and sibling 5. friend and friend

Confucianism C. The 5 Relationships 1. he believed these relationships would be harmonious if the people involved were loyal, courteous, honesty, faithful and obedient to those in authority 1. he believed these relationships would be harmonious if the people involved were loyal, courteous, honesty, faithful and obedient to those in authority 2. he taught that harmony in the family would result in showing respect for parents 2. he taught that harmony in the family would result in showing respect for parents 3. if people followed these examples, then harmony, 3. if people followed these examples, then harmony, and a stable society would be possible and a stable society would be possible

2. Neo- Confucianism A. Buddhist, Daoist, Confucius’ ideas blended together 1. emphasized spiritual matters a. why do good people do bad things?

3. Scholar officials A. educated government officials 1. civil service exams a. those who passed became part of bureaucracy for life 2.created a stable, efficient government

VIII. Yuan Dynasty ( ) 1. Mongol Empire A. Genghis Khan 1. invaded from north 2. bloody attacks wiped out many towns & cities

Genghis Khan 3. He was called the “Universal Ruler” a. he organized the Mongol army who brutally attacked and terrorized the people throughout Asia and Eastern Europe killing men, women and children.

Genghis Kahn A powerful leader by the name of Genghis Khan was able to unite the Mongols who lived in the vast plains north of China.

B. Kublai Khan He ruled the Yuan Dynasty- A. foreign rule B. largest empire in world history- he unified all of China C. he was Genghis Khan’s grandson D. He extended the Grand Canal (shipping food, etc) E. He linked China to India and Persia with better roads

Kublai Kahn Kublai Khan became the ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China.

Marco Polo 2. Marco Polo of Italy A. visits Kublai, tells Europeans of a highly civilized in China ( )

IX. The Ming Dynasty ( ) A. Mongols defeated B. Forbidden City is built C. China’s fame expands overseas

The wall appears as a thin orange band Great Wall facts: Built in the 15th century during the Ming Dynasty 16 to 26 feet high (area shown here) entire wall is about 1,864 miles long D. Great Wall rebuilt 1. to protect the country and keep the northern tribes out

1.The voyages of Zheng He proved how powerful and famous China had become 2. He made several impressive voyages in history around Asia, pg. 184

Isolationism In the early 1400s, China entered a period of isolationism, a policy of removing a country, from contact with other countries.

E. Ming mistake? Pg Emperor forbids foreign trade a. policy of isolation b. isolationism- a policy of avoiding contact with other countries b. Was this a good policy? No, this was a bad policy because it had great consequences for China. The westerners improved their technological progress gained power in some parts of China who was too weak to stop them. c. China fell behind in technological achievements and military power.

Ming Dynasty The Ming dynasty was the prosperous and powerful dynasty that rose after the defeat of the Mongols

Instructions: create a timeline using the dates from your notes 220 Han Dynasty “period of disunion” 589 Sui Dynasty Tang Dynasty 5 Dynasties & 10 kingdoms 960 Song Dynasty Age of Buddhism Yuan Dynasty Ming Dynasty