 Explain the differences between Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy.

Unit 3

 SSWH6  The student will describe the diverse characteristics of early African societies before 1800.

 3000 BC: leave West Africa (Nigeria)  Head South and East  Why did the Bantu migrate?  Farming methods caused migration: slash and burn  Couldn’t produce enough food  What changed in Bantu culture?  Adopted new ideas from areas they moved into

 What did the Bantu add to African culture  Language: Proto – Bantu  Iron smelting  Iron weapons gave the Bantu advantages over other groups  No written language. They used griots to tell stories and history. (video)video

 700s: Ghana becomes a kingdom  Soninke people farmed this region  Crossroads of Gold / Salt trade  West African gold traded for North Africa salt  Ghana regulated and taxed trade  800: Ghana expands to an empire  Used the regulation of gold

 Islam spreads to Ghana from trade  Religion divides the people  Ghana eventually falls to Muslim North Africans

 1250 – 1450: Mali Empire  Another empire built on gold trade  Sundiata  1240: captures the capital of Ghana  Promoted gold and salt trade  Promoted agriculture  Expands the Mali empire

 Mali people adopt Islam (video)video  1312 – 1332: Mansa Musa becomes king  Built a strong army  Regulated the gold trade  Doubled the size of the empire  Made Timbuktu a center for Muslim scholars and leaders

 1400s: Songhai breaks away from Mali  Gold trade moves into their lands  Adopted Islam  1464 – 1492: Sunni Ali  Built a strong military and captured Timbuktu  1492: Askia Muhammed  Expanded the empire 1591: Moroccan Army defeats Sonhai Lacked modern weapons

 Trade of Salt for Gold: West Africa to North Africa  Trade of Asian good for African goods across the desert  Introduction of camel: enabled trade  Spread of Islam from Arabia  North Africa to West Africa  Swahili: Blend of Arabic and Bantu languages  Continues until the age of exploration and sea trade is better (video)video

 Causes of the fall of the Byzantine Empire (modern day Turkey)  Constant bubonic plague (video)video  Crusades failures  Attack by the Ottoman Turks  Results  Islamic centers of learning emerge  Trade increases  Christians are not safe to travel to Holy Land

 After the failure of the Crusades the church loses power and the kings gain power.  Vassal works on the Lords land  Led to more trade  People able to fight off disease more (outside contact) (video)video