Scientific notation

1. Know the difference between work and power. Know how to calculate each (formals given). 2. Know the purpose of the scientific notation and how to convert between decimals and sci. notation as well as multiplication and division

Energy is the fundamental component of the environmental systems Energy is the ability to do work or transfer heat Stored energy is called potential energy. Moving energy is called kinetic energy.

We measure energy in Energy ≠ Power Energy (J) = ability to do work Power (W) = rate at which work is done joules (J)

More mass increase work potential Energy is the ability to do work Work is the energy to do action (in movement) Power is the rate at work is performed

1m 50 kg 75 kg 490N 735N 490 J 730 J 5 s 98W 146W

Chemical energy – potential energy stored in chemical bonds (ie food or gasoline) 130C180C 310C 310,000c 1,297,660J 60kg m

Forms of Energy Kinetic energy- energy of motion. Potential energy- energy that is stored. Chemical energy- potential stored in chemical bonds. Temperature- the measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance.

First law of thermodynamics Energy is neither created or destroyed. You can’t get something from nothing.

Second law of thermodynamics When energy is transformed, the quantity of energy remains the same, but its ability to do work diminishes. Figure 2.15

Second law of thermodynamics Energy Efficiency- the ratio of the amount of work that is done to the total amount of energy that is introduced into the system.

Figure 2.14

Second law of thermodynamics Energy quality- the ease with which an energy source can be used for work. Entropy- all systems move toward randomness rather than toward order. This randomness is always increasing in a system, unless new energy from the outside of the system is added to create order.

Energy conversions underlie all ecological processes