Chemical Energy and ATP

Chemical Energy and ATP Energy in glucose & lipids is converted into ATP Adenosine triphosphate Energy for work is stored in ATP bonds Universal energy carrier of the cell Active transport Reproduction Movement Muscle contractions Protein synthesis

Energy and ATP P P P Energy in glucose & lipids is converted into ATP ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE P ENERGY P P Energy in glucose & lipids is converted into ATP Adenosine triphosphate Energy for work is stored in ATP bonds Energy released when 3rd phosphate is broken off 3rd bond unstable…easily broken ADP left over

Energy and ATP ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE P ENERGY P P P Energy in glucose & lipids is converted into ATP Adenosine triphosphate Energy for work is stored in ATP bonds Energy released when 3rd phosphate is broken off 3rd bond unstable…easily broken ADP left over ATP recreated with the addition of another phosphate group

Energy and ATP Energy in glucose & lipids is converted into ATP Adenosine triphosphate Energy for work is stored in ATP bonds Energy released when 3rd phosphate is broken off 3rd bond unstable…easily broken ADP left over ATP recreated with the addition of another phosphate group

Digestion Purpose: Break food into useable molecules to create ATP High calorie foods will produce more ATP molecules Digestion Simple sugar Simple sugar Simple sugar ATP ATP ATP ATP Complex sugar Simple sugar Simple sugar Simple sugar

Purpose: Break food into useable molecules to create ATP High calorie foods will produce more ATP molecules Carbohydrates commonly used to make ATP 1 glucose = 36 ATP Digestion 36 ATP

Purpose: Break food into useable molecules to create ATP High calorie foods will produce more ATP molecules Carbohydrates commonly used to make ATP 1 glucose = 36 ATP Lipids 1 triglyceride = 146 ATP Digestion 146 ATP

Digestion Purpose: Break food into useable molecules to create ATP High calorie foods will produce more ATP molecules Carbohydrates commonly used to make ATP 1 glucose = 36 ATP Lipids 1 triglyceride = 146 ATP Proteins less likely to be broken into ATP Amino acids are needed for other processes

Energy on Earth Most life relies on sunlight directly or indirectly Directly: Plants Indirectly: Animals Exceptions: Chemotrophs Hydrothermal vents release chemicals called sulfides Unique bacteria feed on the sulfides to make ATP (chemosynthesis) sulfides sulfides

Review Where is the energy of ATP stored? How is ADP and ATP different? What’s the purpose of digestion? Why are proteins less likely to be broken into ATP? How much ATP is created by a triglyceride? How much ATP is created by a molecule of glucose? How is chemosynthesis and photosynthesis similar? Different?

Review Where is the energy of ATP stored? In its bonds How is ADP and ATP different? ADP has one less phosphate molecule than ATP. ATP is a higher energy molecule. What’s the purpose of digestion? Break food into useable molecules to create ATP Why are proteins less likely to be broken into ATP? Amino acids are needed for other processes How much ATP is created by a triglyceride? 1 triglyceride = 146 ATP molecules How much ATP is created by a molecule of glucose? 1 molecule of glucose = 36 ATP molecules How is chemosynthesis and photosynthesis similar? Different? Similar: Both are processes that capture energy and store it as sugars Different: Chemosynthesis captures chemicals to make sugars Different: Photosynthesis captures sunlight to make sugars