12/6/08 Learning Target: 1. I can identify the functions and building blocks of the following organic compounds: carbohydrates, proteins, fats and DNA. Do Now: Review: I can explain the function of the excretory system and the organs. 1. What is the function of the kidneys in the human body? Bladder? 2. What is the function of the excretory system? HW: Review Notes Agenda: Do Now/Announcements Case Study: “I want my pasta!” Mini-Lesson: Organic Compounds

This Week’s Agenda Week #14: 12/6-12/10 Monday Lab #10: Diffusion of Carbs through a Membrane Tuesday Wednesday Case Study #1: Day 2 Thursday Case Study #1: Day 3 Diagnosis Friday Review QUIZ TUTORING TOMORROW

The Excretory System Maintains water balance Eliminates waste from the body The urine maker and the body’s filter Urine storage Urine’s way out! How does this system work to maintain water balance?

Treated with salt waterTreated with distilled water

Water Concentration Homeostasis in Humans Normal water level in the blood and body cells. You eat a salty meal. Salt enters the blood. Body cells shrink as water diffuses out of the cells and enters the salty blood. Water level in the cells is too low. Brain detects higher salt levels in the blood and sends signal to the kidney. The kidney allows LESS water to enter the urine. The body retains (hangs on to) more water. Also, our brain creates a feeling of thirst, causing us to drink! Water level in the blood increases. Water flows back into the body cells. What happens when we eat salty foods?

CASE STUDY: “I want my pasta!” What do we know? Symptoms: tiredness, lack of energy certain foods give Becky diarrhea and stomach pain Treatment: mysterious pills What do we need to find out? Why do certain foods make Becky sick? What is in the mysterious pills that treat Becky?

CLUE #1: Nutrition Information Focus on the carbohydrate, protein, and fat content of each food. + Steak

Organic Compounds Organic compounds are substances produced by and found in living things. 4 types: 1)Carboydrates 2)Proteins 3)Fat 4)DNA

Types of Organic Compounds PolymerBuilding Block (or subunit) Role in Organisms Protein Amino acid Carbohydrates Starch Glucose (simple sugar) Fats Set of instructions for making proteins DNA hormones antibodies cell structure energy! cell structure insulation

Types of Carbohydrates 1)Starch 2)Glucose (sugar) 3)Fiber

12/2/08 Learning target: I can explain what substances can (and cannot) diffuse through the semi-permeable cell membrane? I can explain the function of an indicator and describe a positive test result for a starch and glucose indicator. Do Now: Review I can identify the functions of the four types of organic compounds and identify the building blocs of each. What are 4 types of organic compounds? What are the building block of each organic compound. Which one of these three compounds seems to be causing Becky’s symptoms? HW:1) Complete lab (if not already done) 2) QUIZ Friday - Water homeostasis, diffusion, and active transport Agenda: Do Now/Announcements Lab #10: Diffusion of Carbohydrates through a Membrane

CASE STUDY: “I want my pasta!” What do we know? Symptoms: tiredness, lack of energy certain foods give Becky diarrhea and stomach pain Treatment: mysterious pills What do we need to find out? Why do certain foods make Becky sick? What is in the mysterious pills that treat Becky?

Types of Carbohydrates 1)Starch 2)Glucose (sugar) 3)Fiber

Lab #10: Diffusion of Carbohydrates through a Membrane Problem: What substances can (and cannot) diffuse through the semi-permeable cell membrane? Setup: Beaker with water model cell (with semi-permeable membrane) starch glucose starch indicator (iodine)

Lab #10: Diffusion of Carbohydrates through a Membrane Problem: What substances can (and cannot) diffuse through the semi-permeable cell membrane? Setup: Beaker with water model cell (with semi-permeable membrane) starch glucose starch indicator (iodine) How will we be able to tell which substances diffuse through the membrane?

Question #4

Indicators An indicator is a chemical used to test for the presence of a specific compound, usually by changing color. A postive (+) test for a substance will cause the indicator to change color. A negative (-) test for a substance will not cause a color change. Starch Indicator: Lugol’s Solution (iodine) Positive test: Turns dark purple Glucose Indicator: Benedict’s Solution Positive test: Turns orange

Question #4

Data Table

RESULTS

Diffusion through a Membrane Lab Starch Test Can starch diffuse through the cell membrane? Glucose Test Can glucose diffuse through the cell membrane?

12/3/08 Learning target: I can compare and contrast the movement of starch, glucose, and iodine (starch indicator solution) across a semi- permeable membrane. Do Now: Complete the following table: INDICATORS HW:1) Complete Case Study and Lab #10 (if not already done) 2) QUIZ FRIDAY - Water homeostasis, diffusion, and active transport Agenda: Do Now/Announcements Discussion: Lab #10 MoleculeIndicatorPositive test/color change Starch Glucose

CASE STUDY: “I want my pasta!”

Clue #2 Starch Test Can starch diffuse through the cell membrane? Glucose Test Can glucose diffuse through the cell membrane?

Types of Carbohydrates 1)Starch 2)Glucose (sugar)

The Semi-Permeable Cell Membrane Cell membrane surrounds the cell. The cell membrane is SEMI-PERMEABLE (or selectively permeable), meaning It allows some substances to pass through, but keeps other substances OUT.

S S S S Results G G G GI I I II I I I I I In which direction will WATER flow? HIGH concentration of water LOW concentration of water

12/4/08 Learning target: I can explain how enzymes break down organic compounds and analyze how enzymes are necessary for digestion and diffusion of building blocks into the bloodstream. Do Now: What can’t starch diffuse through the cell membrane? How can we CHANGE the starch so that it CAN pass through? HW: 1) Week #14 - DUE TOMORROW - HOMEWORK p. 13 2) QUIZ TOMORROW - Week #13 & #14 Agenda: Do Now/Announcements Mini-Lesson: Why digest? “I want my pasta!” - Clue #3

CASE STUDY: “I want my pasta!” What do we know? Symptoms: tiredness, lack of energy certain foods give Becky diarrhea and stomach pain Treatment: mysterious pills What do we need to find out? Why do certain foods make Becky sick? What is in the mysterious pills that treat Becky?

CLUE #1: Nutrition Information + Steak

Types of Carbohydrates 1)Starch 2)Glucose (sugar)

Starch Test Glucose Test CLUE #2: Diffusion Experiments

DIGESTION is when organic compounds are broken down into their building blocks. What substance in our bodies is responsible for digesting food? ENZYMES StarchGlucose (simple sugars) enzyme How might we change starch so that it CAN pass through the cell membrane?

Clue #3

Where does most digestion take place?

Digestion Absorption Circulation Wall of the small intestine Blood vessel Starch Glucose Inside the small intestine Enzyme

Diffusion Synthesis Glucose (simple sugars) enzyme Starch Opposite of… DIGESTION!

Diagnosis: What is wrong with Becky? Becky doesn’t make the enzyme that digests (breaks down) starch! Starch cannot be absorbed by the wall of the small intestine! Why does Becky lack energy? What is in the pills that Becky takes before eating?

Becky can’t do this! StarchGlucose (simple sugars) enzyme Poor Becky… X X

Enzymes Enzymes are proteins in our bodies that: (1)Digest, or break down, organic compounds. (2)Speed up all chemical reactions in the body. Another word for an enzyme is a catalyst. SynthesisDigestion (starch) (glucose, or simple sugars)

Enzymes must have a specific shape in order to work properly. Enzymes work like a lock and key.

Enzymes: The Lock and Key Model Enzyme activity is highly specific. Each enzyme in our bodies can bind to only ONE type of substance. We have a different enzyme for every different reaction that occurs in our bodies.

12/5/08 AIM: QUIZ - Water Level Homeostasis and Diffusion Do Now: Why can one type of carbohydrate pass through the cell membrane, while another cannot? HW:None Agenda: Do Now Case Study Review QUIZ!

CASE STUDY: “I want my pasta!”

CLUE #1: Nutrition Information + Steak

Organic Compounds Organic compounds are substances produced by and found in living things. 4 types: 1)Carboydrates 2)Proteins 3)Fat 4)DNA

Types of Carbohydrates 1)Starch 2)Glucose (sugar)

Starch Test Glucose Test CLUE #2: Diffusion Experiments

S S S S Results G G G GI I I II I I I I I In which direction will WATER flow? HIGH concentration of water LOW concentration of water

Clue #3

DIGESTION is when organic compounds are broken down into their building blocks. What substance in our bodies is responsible for digesting food? ENZYMES StarchGlucose (simple sugars) enzyme How might we change starch so that it CAN pass through the cell membrane?

Digestion Absorption Circulation Wall of the small intestine Blood vessel Starch Glucose Inside the small intestine Enzyme

Diffusion Synthesis Glucose (simple sugars) enzyme Starch Opposite of… DIGESTION!

Diagnosis: What is wrong with Becky? Becky doesn’t make the enzyme that digests (breaks down) starch! Starch cannot be absorbed by the wall of the small intestine! Why does Becky lack energy? What is in the pills that Becky takes before eating?

Becky can’t do this! StarchGlucose (simple sugars) enzyme Poor Becky… X X

Enzymes Enzymes are proteins in our bodies that: (1)Digest, or break down, organic compounds. (2)Speed up all chemical reactions in the body. Another word for an enzyme is a catalyst. SynthesisDigestion (starch) (glucose, or simple sugars)