Organizational Structure  Structural Organizational Theory  Organizational Designs  Factors that Impact Organizational Designs

Structural Organizational Theory  Organizational Structure  Foundations of the theory

Modern Structural Theory  Basic Assumptions Organizations are rational institutions There is a “best” structure for any organization Specialization and division of labor increase the quality & quantity of production Most problems in organizations result from structural flaws

Issues in Structural Organizational Theory  What should an organization look like? Product vs. Function (Departmentalization) Chain of command (Span of Control) Centralization vs. Decentralization Informal vs. Formal Organization

Mechanistic Organizational Forms  Appropriate to stable conditions  Characteristics differentiation of functional tasks supervision clearly defined responsibilities low level of discretion

Organic Organizational Forms  Appropriate to changing conditions  Characteristics Adjustment and continual redefinition of roles Shared responsibility for success of task Network structure of control High level of discretion and prestige

Simple Structure

Bureaucracy

Divisional Structures  A division is a collection of functions working together to produce a product. Product structure: divisions created according to the type of product or service. Geographic structure: divisions based on the area of a country or world served. Market structure: divisions based on the types of customers served.

Product Structure

Geographic Structure

Customer (Market) Structure

Matrix Structure CEO Func. Managers Managers SalesDesignProduction Product team A Product team B Product team C Product Team = two boss employee Team Managers

Innovations on Structure  Team Structure  Virtual Organization  Boundaryless Organization

Virtual Organization Core Employees Administrative Help HR Functions Assembly/Service Delivery Marketing

Family & the Workplace: A practical issue of Job Design  The Second Shift: an examination of the impact of work on the family  Research Questions What leads women to adopt “Supermom” Strategy? What motivates women to press their husbands to share housework & childcare? Why do some men want to share housework & childcare and others don’t? How does a husband’s ideas about manhood affect his attitude toward the second shift? How do gender strategies influence division of labor at home?

Second Shift: Important Concepts  Gender Strategy Plan of action through which a person tries to solve problems at hand, given the cultural notions of gender at play.  Gender Ideology Determines what sphere the individual wants to identify with (home or work) and how much power in the marriage he/she wants (less, more or the same amount.)  Ideology Typology Traditional Transitional Egalitarian