Characteristics of Living Things

Honors Biology Take out scientific method worksheets. HW: Mythbusters due by 9/19 Unit test 9/12 Body systems quiz 9/10

All Living things are made up of cells.

What is a Cell? Basic building blocks of all living things. Perform all of the functions of life

What are two types of cells? Prokaryotic – Simple cell, no nucleus or membrane bound organelles. Ex. Bacteria Eukaryotic- Complex cells, has a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Ex. Animals, Plants, Fungus, Protist

Two types of cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Unicellular vs. Multicellular Unicellular-one cell Multicellular- many cells, specialization

Levels of Organization Atom Cell Tissue Organ Organ system Organism

11 main body systems Nervous system Endocrine system Integumentary system Muscular system Skeletal system Urinary system Respiratory system Reproductive system Circulatory system Digestive system Lymphatic system

Homework Determine the function of each of the 11 human body systems. Identify at least two organs that are involved with each system.

All Living Things Reproduce.

Two Types of Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Two Parents Genetically diverse (different genes than parents) Asexual Reproduction One Parent Genetically identical (same genes as parent)

All Living Things Adjust to Their Surroundings. Homeostasis Maintain internal control Example: body temperature, glucose, water and pH levels in the blood are maintained at a constant rate.

Homeostatic mechanisms The process by which an organism monitors and maintains a constant state.

Negative feedback loop Any change to a system causes the system to return to its original state. Osmoregulation Thermoregulation Blood pH and Blood glucose levels

Positive feedback loop Amplifies a change in the system, causing it to move farther and farther from its original state. Examples: childbirth and ripening fruit Video explanation

Positive Feedback Loop Example

Negative Feedback Loop

All Living Things Grow and Develop. Growth Increase in size Development changes that happen as you grow To become more complex

All living things have complex chemistry Consists of complex molecules that go through chemical changes to stay alive.

All Living Things Can convert energy to food. Or convert food to energy. Main source of energy for all living organisms is the SUN Producer: make their own food. Ex plants Consumer: Must take in food to survive

All living things….. Respond to their environment Adaptation: any alteration in the structure or function of an organism or any of its parts that results from natural selection and by which the organism becomes better fitted to survive and multiply in its environment.

Four unifying principles Cell theory Cells are the basic unit of life All living things are made up of cells Cells come from other cells.

Four unifying principles Gene Theory Genes determine the characteristics of living things. They are located on chromosomes that are found in every cell. Genes are passed on from parents to offspring.

Four Unifying principles Homeostasis Keeping internal conditions constant even though the external environments change

Four Unifying Principles Evolution Occurs by the process of natural selection. Organisms become more suited to their environments through evolution because they develop adaptations.

Create a Keystone Card Use pages 90-93 in the Keystone books to complete drawings for. Thermoregulation Osmoregulation Gas exchange Regulation of blood glucose