Cell Theory by: Khari Sanchez

Some Cell Facts The average human being is composed of around 100 Trillion individual cells!!! The average human being is composed of around 100 Trillion individual cells!!! It would take as many as 50 cells to cover the area of a dot on the letter. It would take as many as 50 cells to cover the area of a dot on the letter. There are millions of different types of cells. There are millions of different types of cells. In the body, there are brain cells, skin cells, liver cells, stomach cells. In the body, there are brain cells, skin cells, liver cells, stomach cells.

 There are different types of cell structures.  For example we have bacteria, plant cell and a animal cell.  These cells are use in daily life today.

Plant and Animals Similarities  They both have a have a nucleolus and nucleus.  They both need a cell membrane.  They both have to have to have a Centrosome.  Both need to have rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

StructureAnimal cellsPlant cells cell membraneYesyes nucleusYesyes nucleolusyes ribosomesyes ERyes Golgiyes centriolesyesno cell wallnoyes mitochondriayes cholorplastsnoyes One big vacuolenoyes cytoskeletonyesYes

3 Basic Components The 3 Basic Components of the Cell Theory: 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things. 2. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things. 3. All cells are produced by the division of preexisting cells. 3. All cells are produced by the division of preexisting cells.

Cell Organelles Organelle= “little organ” Organelle= “little organ” Found only inside eukaryotic cells Found only inside eukaryotic cells All the stuff in between the organelles is cytosol All the stuff in between the organelles is cytosol Everything in a cell except the nucleus is cytoplasm Everything in a cell except the nucleus is cytoplasm

Cytoskeleton Acts as skeleton and muscle Acts as skeleton and muscle Provides shape and structure Provides shape and structure Helps move organelles around the cell Helps move organelles around the cell Made of three types of filaments Made of three types of filaments

Ribosome Site of protein synthesis Site of protein synthesis Found attached to rough ER or floating free in cytosol Found attached to rough ER or floating free in cytosol Produced in a part of the nucleus called the nucleolus Produced in a part of the nucleus called the nucleolus

Golgi Apparatus Looks like a stack of plates Looks like a stack of plates Stores, modifies and packages proteins Stores, modifies and packages proteins Molecules transported to and from the Golgi by means of vesicles Molecules transported to and from the Golgi by means of vesicles

Lysosomes Garbage disposal of the cell Garbage disposal of the cell Contain digestive enzymes that break down wastes Contain digestive enzymes that break down wastes

Mitochondria “Powerhouse of the cell” “Powerhouse of the cell” Cellular respiration occurs here to release energy for the cell to use Cellular respiration occurs here to release energy for the cell to use Bound by a double membrane Bound by a double membrane Has its own strand of DNA Has its own strand of DNA

Chloroplast Found only in plant cells Found only in plant cells Contains the green pigment chlorophyll Contains the green pigment chlorophyll Site of food (glucose) production Site of food (glucose) production Bound by a double membrane Bound by a double membrane

Advantages of each kind of cell architecture ProkaryotesEukaryotes simple and easy to grow can specialize fast reproductionmulticellularity all the samecan build large bodies

Prokaryote cells are smaller and simpler Commonly known as bacteria Commonly known as bacteria microns in size microns in size Single-celled (unicellular) or Single-celled (unicellular) or Filamentous (strings of single cells) Filamentous (strings of single cells)

cytoplasm: inner liquid filling cytoplasm: inner liquid filling DNA in one big loop DNA in one big loop pilli: for sticking to things pilli: for sticking to things flagella: for swimming flagella: for swimming ribosomes: for building proteins ribosomes: for building proteins Prokaryote cells are simply built (example: E. coli)

Eukaryotes are bigger and more complicated Have organelles Have organelles Have chromosomes Have chromosomes can be multicellular can be multicellular include animal and plant cells include animal and plant cells

Eukaryote cells can be multicellular The whole cell can be specialized for one job The whole cell can be specialized for one job cells can work together as tissues cells can work together as tissues Tissues can work together as organs Tissues can work together as organs

The basic discovered truths about cells, listed in the Cell Theory, are the basis for things such as: The basic discovered truths about cells, listed in the Cell Theory, are the basis for things such as: Disease/Health/Medical Research and Cures(AIDS, Cancer, Vaccines, Cloning, Stem Cell Research. Disease/Health/Medical Research and Cures(AIDS, Cancer, Vaccines, Cloning, Stem Cell Research.

The cells that make up our bodies are just as alive as we are. The cells that make up our bodies are just as alive as we are. Humans are just an intricately designed community of cells, which must work together to survive. Humans are just an intricately designed community of cells, which must work together to survive. They are cells coming rub off and cells that are coming apart. They are cells coming rub off and cells that are coming apart. That is the cycle of cell. That is the cycle of cell.