1. Cells: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote

2. Cells have evolved two different architectures:
Prokaryote “style”
Small and Simple
Evolved before eukaryotes
Eukaryote “style”
More complicated and larger
Evolved from prokaryotes

3. Prokaryote cells are smaller and simpler
Commonly known as bacteria
Very small
Single-celled(unicellular) or
Filamentous (strings of single cells)

4. These are prokaryote
E. coli bacteria on the head of a steel pin.

5. Prokaryote cells are simply built (example: E. coli)
capsule: slimy outer coating
cell wall: tougher middle layer
cell membrane: delicate inner skin

6. Prokaryote cells are simply built (example: E. coli)
cytoplasm: inner liquid filling
DNA in one big loop
pilli: for sticking to things
flagella: for swimming
ribosomes: for building proteins

7. Eukaryotes are bigger and more complicated
Have organelles
Have chromosomes in a nucleus.
can be multicellular with different types of cells in one organism
include animal and plant cells

8. What makes organelles an advantage?
Cells can do many jobs at one time.
Many organelles are made of folded membranes. The more membrane = more chemical reactions
Membrane bound organelles help protect important parts of the cell.

9. Advantages of each kind of cell architecture
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
simple and easy to grow
can specialize
fast reproduction
multicellularity
all the same
can build large bodies

10. Exit Ticket
Compare and Contrast the structure of prokaryotes with eukaryotes (at least 3 similarities and differences)
What’s are the advantages to being a prokaryote? Eukaryote?
What makes having organelles an advantage?

11. Organelles are membrane-bound cell parts
Mini “organs” that have unique structures and functions
Located in cytoplasm

12. Cell Structures
Cell membrane

13. Nucleus
a membrane-bound sac evolved to store the cell’s chromosomes(DNA)

14. Nucleolus
inside nucleus
location of ribosome factory
made or RNA

15. mitochondrion
makes the cell’s energy
the more energy the cell needs, the more mitochondria it has

16. Ribosomes
build proteins from amino acids in cytoplasm
may be free- floating, or
may be attached to ER
made of RNA

17. Endoplasmic reticulum
may be smooth: builds lipids and carbohydrates
may be rough: stores proteins made by attached ribosomes

18. Golgi Complex
takes in sacs of raw material from ER
sends out sacs containing finished cell products

19. Lysosomes
sacs filled with digestive enzymes
digest worn out cell parts
digest food absorbed by cell

20. Centrioles
pair of bundled tubes
organize cell division

21. Cytoskeleton made of microtubules found throughout cytoplasm
gives shape to cell & moves organelles around inside.

22. Structures found in plant cells
Cell wall
very strong
made of cellulose
protects cell from rupturing
glued to other cells next door
plant bones

23. Vacuole
huge water- filled sac
keeps cell pressurized
stores starch

24. Chloroplasts
filled with chlorophyll
turn solar energy into food energy

25. How are plant and animal cells different?

26. Structure
Animal cells
Plant cells
cell membrane
Yes
yes
nucleus
nucleolus
ribosomes ER
Golgi
centrioles no
cell wall
mitochondria
cholorplasts
One big vacuole
cytoskeleton

27. Examples of specialized euk. cells
liver cell: specialized to detoxify blood and store glucose as glycogen.

28. sperm cell: specialized to deliver DNA to egg cell

29. Mesophyll cell
specialize d to capture as much light as possible
inside a leaf

30. Flagellum/flagella large whiplike tail
pushes or pulls cell through water
can be single, or a pair

31. Cilia fine, hairlike extensions attached to cell membrane
beat in unison