For WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari “The needs for protection of frequencies.

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Presentation transcript:

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari “The needs for protection of frequencies used for passive sensing in meteorology, climatology and environmental studies” Hans Richner Steering Group Radiofrequency Coordination (SG RFC) WMO Commission for Basic Systems

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari 1.telecommunication data collection data dissemination telemetry Requirements of the meteorological community for radiofrequency spectrum basically for three purposes: 2.active remote sensing 3.passive remote sensing

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari 1.telecommunication, data collection, data dissemination, telemetry radiosondes satellites DCPs

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari 2.active remote sensing radar wind profiler satellite

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari 3.passive remote sensing space based ground based

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari requirements of the meteorological community for radiofrequency spectrum listed by major systems -radiosondes -meteorological radar -windprofiler -meteorological satellites = control and housekeeping = passive sensing = active sensing -DCPs -general telecommunication

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari MSG (Meteosat-8) Color composite image of Red (NIR 1.6), Green (VIS 0.8), and Blue (VIS 0.6) taken on 12 February 2003 (13:45 UTC).

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari O 2 absorption spectrum

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari major future threats: introduction of numerous ultra-wideband systems UWS (spread spectrum technique) -- serious threat for passive sensing persistent pressure on bands used for radiosounding exploding numbers of cell phones, introduction of UMTS, wireless LANs, microwave-based collision warning systems... for SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich WMO CBS ICT ISS Meeting, September 9 to 13, 2002, Geneva two years ago

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari principle of UWB (Ultra Wide Band) systems

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari water vapor absorption around 24 GHz

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari water vapor mixing ratio as seen by NOAA satellite

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari Institute for Applied Physics, University of Bern (IAP) ASMUWARA, the All-Sky MUlti WAvelength RAdiometer

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari Frequency bands and bandwidths used for satellite passive sensing (1) Frequency BW (GHz)(MHz)main measurements soil moisture, salinity, ocean surface temperature, vegetation index salinity, soil moisture ocean surface temperature ocean surface temperature (no allocation) rain, snow, ice, sea state, ocean wind, ocean surface temperature, soil moisture water vapour, rain rain, sea state, ocean ice, water vapour, snow water vapour, cloud liquid water water vapour, cloud liquid water water vapour, cloud liquid water window channel associated to temperature measurements rain, snow, ocean ice, water vapour, cloud liquid water, ocean wind, soil moisture

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari Frequency bands and bandwidths used for satellite passive sensing (2) Frequency BW (GHz)(MHz)main measurements O2 (temperature profiling) O2 (temperature profiling) Clouds, ice, snow, rain N2O O O2 (temperature profiling), CO window channel window channel (to be terminated on 1 January 2018) window channel H2O (moisture profiling), N2O, O H2O, O3, N2O clouds, CO O3 250 – N2O 275 – N2O

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari Frequency bands and bandwidths used for satellite passive sensing (3) Frequency BW (GHz)(MHz)Main measurements 294 – N2O, O3, O2, HNO3, HOCl 316 – water vapour profiling, O3, HOCl 342 – CO, HNO3, CH3Cl, O3, O2, HOCl, H2O 363 – O3 371 – water vapour profiling 416 – temperature profiling 442 – water vapour 486 – O3, CH3Cl, N2O, BrO, ClO 546 – temperature profiling 624 – BrO, O3, HCl, SO2, H2O2, HOCl, HNO3 634 – CH3Cl, HOCl, ClO, H2O, N2O, BrO, O3, HO2, HNO3 659 – BrO 684 – ClO, CO, CH3Cl 730 – O2, HNO3 851 – NO 951 – O2, NO, H2O

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari O 3,CH 3 Cl, HOCl, ClO, HNO 3, N 2 O, H 2 O 2, HCN, BrO, SO 2,...

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari absorption lines between 275 GHz and 1 THz -- tomorrows resources!?

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari Footnote to Radio Regulations: S5.340All emissions are prohibited in the following bands: MHz MHz except those provided for by Nos. S5.421 an S GHz except those provided for by No. S GHz except those provided for by No. S GHz ………………. ………………. caution: dirty tricks! unwanted emissions: consist of spurious emissions and out-of-band emissions we all know: there are unwanted emissions!

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari out-of-band emissions: Emissions on a frequency or frequencies immediately outside the necessary bandwidth which results from the modulation process, but excluding spurious emissions spurious emissions: Emissions on a frequency or frequencies which are outside the necessary bandwidth and the level of which may be reduced without affecting the corresponding transmission of information. Spurious emissions include harmonic emissions, parasitic emissions, intermodulation products and frequencies and frequency conversion products, but exclude out-of-band emissions.

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari caution: dirty tricks! Footnote to Radio Regulations: S5.340All emissions are prohibited in the following bands: MHz MHz except those provided for by Nos. S5.421 an S GHz except those provided for by No. S GHz except those provided for by No. S GHz intentional

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari what will happen in the next years? Europe U.S. Japan

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari what is needed? telecommunication people must be made aware of the technique of passive remote sensing! meteorologists must be made aware that there is no unlimited spectrum! constructive dialogue!

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari looking for more detailed information? get a copy of

for WMO SG RFC: Hans Richner, IAC ETH, Zurich Active Protection of Passive Radio Services, Oct. 28/29, 2004, Cagliari The meteorological community will crucially depend on the availability of protected frequency bands for passive sensing! thank you for your attention!