Digital Cameras And Digital Information

How a Camera works Light passes through the lens Shutter opens for an instant Film is exposed to light Film is developed using chemicals

Analog vs. Digital Analog Continuous Smooth Gradations Natural capture Mechanical Digital Values measured Points and positions Binary Code Electrical

Binary Code Bit = "Binary digIT." Binary Code: Base 2 system, 8 bit 2^0, 2^1,2^3….2^7= 8 bits The code: 1011 (1 * 2^3) + (0 * 2^2) + (1 * 2^1) + (1 * 2^0) Conversion = = 11

Bits and Bytes 8 Bits in a Byte (Byte) With 8 bits in a byte, you can represent 256 values ranging from 0 to 255, as shown here: 0 = = = = =

Bits and Color This is why we have a 256 color limit in an 8-bit system variation of the voltage applied subpixel can range over 256 shades. Combining the subpixels produces a possible palette of 16.8 million colors (256 shades of red x 256 shades of green x 256 shades of blue

Digital Camera Charged Coupling Device Contains array of millions of pixels Record Light intensity Convert light in to binary information CCD in Action

Capturing Color CCD cells are colorblind Only see in B/W or 1/0 RGB and CMYK filters Allows only one color to pass through Color Capture

CCDs and Arrays

Color Filtering Color Filter Array Permanent Filter pattern placed on each photo site (pixel group) Interpolation Process of using neighboring colors to determine the true color of a pixel Algorithm (compression) works.com/digital- camera4.htm works.com/digital- camera4.htm

Resolution Resolution Table The overall quality of an image Printed or Digital Standards for each DPI, PPI printing resolution, in particular the number of individual dots of ink a printer or toner can produce within a linear one-inch space.

DPI & PPI Dots per Inch measure of printing resolution, in particular the number of individual dots of ink a printer or toner can produce within a linear one-inch space. Pixels Per Inch Screen resolution of 1024x768 means 1,024 pixels (dots) horizontally across each of 768 lines ( x65k or x60 hz Colors or cycles

Pixel Depth & Resolution

Bitmap Graphics Rectangular grid of pixels Color The color of each pixel is often consist of colored pixels defined by three bytes RGB Depth of Color image that stores 24 bits of color information per pixel (the standard for all displays since around 1995) 1 byte for each color

How Does it Work?

Vector Graphic based upon vector mathematical equations to represent images in computer graphics Since the art is made from a series of mathematical formulas it will print very crisp no matter how you resize the art.

File Types & Ratings TIFF Lossless (uncompressed) Raw Files from Cameras and Scanners 16 bit grayscale as well as 24 bit color capable commonly used file format for scientific images (no loss of info) Very large files Not compatible with all programs

File Types & Ratings PNG / PSD portable network graphics No Flattening (preserves layers) lossless compression supports 48-bit color and 16 grayscale, lossless compression Supports Transparency Compatible with Original Software only

File Types & Ratings JPEG joint photographic experts group 24-bit color lossy compression technique (discrete cosine function) Flattened Images (no layers) Does not support Transparency!!! Compatible with all software High quality 319K, medium quality 188K

File Types & Ratings GIF graphics exchange format Supports Transparency has a 256 color palette limitation small, limited files Compatible with all software BMP lossless compression only 256 colors Small & simple Compatible with all software

Works Cited Structure of digital cameras Binary numeral system al_systems al_systems How Digital Cameras work How Cameras work