Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =. The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced.

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Presentation transcript:

Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =

The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced faith in the power of human knowledge to solve basic problems of existence or 1815? You decide!

Age of Reason and Science Responses to mysticism, religion and superstition of Middle Ages. Reason and Rationality became the new God. Led to the Scientific Revolution

Response to the Scientific Revolution Copernicus Kepler Galileo Fahrenheit Isaac Newton

Deductive 2 Inductive Reasoning

Didactic– meant to help teach Dialectic–logical arguments Patriarchal– father figure Heresiarchal– heretical thought

Response to the Renaissance Arts and MUSIC Bach Handel Haydn Mozart Beethoven

Death to Dark Ages Intellectuals during the Enlightenment turned a critical eye on nearly all received traditions in Europe. Political traditions; social and economic structures; attitudes toward the past; ideas about human nature; theories of knowledge, science, philosophy, aesthetics, and morals; and, above all, the doctrines and institutions of Christianity were subjected to analysis. Enlightenment writers aimed at tearing down old structures, and rebuilding with firm scientific foundations for the presumed natural order of things.

Paris was Center but Europe was Ablaze

5 Main Ideas Reason– Absence of intolerance, bigotry, or prejudice. Nature-- What was natural was good and reasonable. Natural laws of economics and politics, just like law of motion. Happiness– Someone who lives by nature’s laws will find happiness. Be happy on earth, don’t wait for Heaven. Progress– Societal progress to point of human and societal perfection. Liberty– In response to Glorious Revolution, belief that reason could set society free.

The Philosophes The thinkers of the Enlightenment Met in the Salons, coffee shops, universities, and restaurants Wanted to apply scientific method to all ideas, including government and religion.

Voltaire

Voltaire’s Friends in High Places “What great victories reason is winning among us!” Catherine The GreatFrederick II Russia Prussia

John Locke Impacting Historical Event: Glorious Revolution

Protect our “Natural Rights” Life Liberty Property God-given rights

Anti-Philosophe Thomas Hobbes Impacting Historical Event: Beheading of Charles I

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Montesquieu

Adam Smith

Economy Physiocrat Mercantilism Capitalism Laissez-Faire

Isaac Newton

Deists Believers in Deism, described as the religion of reason rejected Christianity as a body of revelation, mysterious and incomprehensible. God’s revelation, believed Deists, was simple, logical and clear-cut, a natural religion which always existed.

DIDEROT

What is the effect of the Enlightenment?

The American Revolution

The French Revolution Is it the end of the Enlightenment or a Continuation?

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