Fourth Edition Discovering the Internet Chapter 1 Into the Internet

Objectives Define the Internet Describe how the Internet is used Discuss the history of the Internet and the World Wide Web Describe how individuals and businesses connect to the Internet Chapter 1: Into the Internet 2

Defining the Internet The Internet is a worldwide network of computers that allows individual and business computer users around the world to share information and other resources and to conduct business transactions The Internet is an interconnected network of networks where each host has a number of other computers connected to it Users who connect to the Internet to access information and services are online Chapter 1: Into the Internet 3

Defining the Internet Chapter 1: Into the Internet 4

Using the Internet The Internet has profoundly changed nearly every aspect of life by revolutionizing how: – People access information for personal and business use – Individual shoppers or commercial buyers purchase products and services – People enjoy entertainment offerings – Students do their school work – People communicate with friends, family, colleagues, and others – Businesses interact with their customers, vendors, and business partners Chapter 1: Into the Internet 5

Using the Internet Chapter 1: Into the Internet 6

Using the Internet Who Uses the Internet? – Students – Teachers – Businesspeople – Professionals – Homemakers – Children – Retirees Chapter 1: Into the Internet 7

Using the Internet People also use the Internet to publish online diaries, known as a blog (short for weblog) Some members of the U.S. Congress and Senate keep their constituents updated by microblogging, sending brief text messages throughout the day to interested subscribers Chapter 1: Into the Internet 8

Using the Internet Internet Activities – Browsing and searching for information on the World Wide Web – Communicating with others through , text or video chat, social networking, instant messaging, Web-based discussion groups, newsgroups, mailing lists, blogs and microblogs, and other media – Downloading and uploading files – Accessing remote computers or servers – Conducting business activities – Online shopping Chapter 1: Into the Internet 9

Using the Internet Chapter 1: Into the Internet 10

Using the Internet Internet Activities – The World Wide Web – Web pages – created using HTML or Web authoring software and connected by hyperlinks – Web site – collection of related Web pages College, university, corporate, retail, non-profit, personal – Web server – computer on which Web pages are stored – Web browser – software used to access and view Web pages Chapter 1: Into the Internet 11

Using the Internet Chapter 1: Into the Internet 12

Using the Internet Internet Activities (cont'd) – Search tools Web-based resource to help find specific information on the Web Chapter 1: Into the Internet 13

Using the Internet Internet Activities (cont'd) Chapter 1: Into the Internet 14

Using the Internet Internet Activities (cont'd) – Downloading and uploading files – using FTP to send or retrieve electronic files from a server Music, video, data – Remote Computing Cloud Computing Virtual Private Networks (VPN) Web conferencing Telnet Chapter 1: Into the Internet 15

Using the Internet Chapter 1: Into the Internet 16

Using the Internet Internet Activities (cont'd) – Conducting business activities E-business Chapter 1: Into the Internet 17

History of the Internet Origins in ARPANET – Department of Defense founded ARPA to promote scientific advances – J.C.R. Licklider headed computer and information processing research efforts – Leonard Kleinrock developed packet switching – ARPANET – prototype network connecting ARPA and university research centers Chapter 1: Into the Internet 18

History of the Internet Growth and Development of ARPANET – Ray Tomlinson developed (1971) – Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn developed standard or protocol for communications over a network TCP and IP (1972) Beyond Research, to the Public – NSFnet replaced ARPANET (1985) – Congress authorized commercial activity on the NSFnet (1992) – NSFnet moved connections to commercial network providers (1995) Chapter 1: Into the Internet 19

History of the Internet Chapter 1: Into the Internet 20 The Beginnings and Rise of the Web – Gopher at University of Minnesota Directory-based system Made it easier to find documents on Internet- connected servers

History of the Internet The Beginnings and Rise of the Web (cont'd) – Tim Berners-Lee (1991) Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) First Web browser and Web server – Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina (1993) Mosaic browser – Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark (1994) Netscape Navigator browser Chapter 1: Into the Internet 21

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History of the Internet The Beginnings and Rise of the Web (cont'd) – Research and education networks Internet2 (I2) CANARIE Chapter 1: Into the Internet 23

Connecting to the Internet Internet Service Providers (ISPs) – Provide access to the Internet – Considerations for choosing an ISP The speed or bandwidth of the connection The type of connection and cost of service Availability of customer service and technical support Chapter 1: Into the Internet 24

Connecting to the Internet Chapter 1: Into the Internet 25

Connecting to the Internet Connection Methods – Dial-up access Computer uses regular telephone lines and a modem to access the Internet Mostly home users Considered a temporary connection Chapter 1: Into the Internet 26

Connecting to the Internet Connection Methods (cont'd) – Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) An “always on” high-speed Internet connection over standard telephone wires Broadband transmission splitting telephone wire into data and voice Requires firewall protection to prevent intrusion by online intruders Chapter 1: Into the Internet 27

Connecting to the Internet Connection Methods (cont'd) – Cable An “always on” high-speed Internet connection over cable TV lines Cable modem and line splitter required Firewall protection needed Chapter 1: Into the Internet 28

Connecting to the Internet Connection Methods (cont'd) – Fixed wireless connections Microwave Fixed wireless connections use microwaves to transmit data and require specialized outside equipment: an antenna and a small dish or receiver – Repeaters – Wireless Internet service provider (WISP) Chapter 1: Into the Internet 29

Connecting to the Internet Connection Methods (cont'd) – Fixed wireless connections (cont'd) One way or two way satellite transmissions Chapter 1: Into the Internet 30

Connecting to the Internet Connection Methods (cont'd) – Mobile Wireless Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies to connect to networks Hotspot – specific geographic location in which a wireless access point provides public Internet access Wireless access point – hardware that connects wireless devices to a network Chapter 1: Into the Internet 31

Connecting to the Internet Connection Methods (cont'd) – Mobile Broadband Mobile data card or modem installed in a computer to allow it to connect to a wireless network Cell phones, smartphones, or PDAs can connect to the Internet – High-Speed Business Connections Businesses typically use high-speed fiber-optic cable such as a T1 line connected to their local area network to provide Internet access to employees Chapter 1: Into the Internet 32

Connecting to the Internet Chapter 1: Into the Internet 33

Chapter Summary Define the Internet Describe how the Internet is used Discuss the history of the Internet and the World Wide Web Describe how individuals and businesses connect to the Internet Chapter 1: Into the Internet 34

Fourth Edition Discovering the Internet Chapter 1 Complete