بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

(Corpus spongiosum)

Ductuli

TESTIS

(A)Stroma: 1- Tunica vaginalis. 2- Tunica albuginea. 3- Tunica vasculosa. 4- Septa. 5- Interstitial tissue. (B) Parenchyma: 1- Seminiferous tubules. 2- Interstitial cells of Leydig.

STROMA OF THE TESTIS

TUNICA VAGINALIS It is the visceral layer of serous sac. It is formed of mesothelial cells. It is found in the anterior & lateral surfaces of the testis.

TUNICA ALBUGINEA Dense irregular collagenous C.T.

TUNICA VASCULOSA It is formed of loose vascular C.T. Lininig The Tunica albuginea And surrounding the septa.

SEPTA OF THE TESTIS Dense irregular collagenous C.T. Incomplete non-branching septa. Radiate from mediastinum testis. Divide the testis into about 250 intercommunicating compartments (testicular lobules= lobuli testis).

INTERSTITIAL TISSUE Loose vascular C.T. in between the seminiferous tubules. Contents: 1- Loose vascular C.T. (mention). 2- Interstitial cells of Leydig.

INTERSTITIAL TISSUE

PARENCHYMA OF THE TESTIS (1)Seminiferous tubules. (2)Interstitial cells of Leydig.

INTERSTITIAL CELLS OF LEYDIG (L/M) Are rounded or polygonal. Are found singly or in groups. Nucleus: Central, rounded, vesicular With prominent nucleolus. Some cells are binucleated. Cytoplasm: Pale, acidophilic & vacuolated.

INTERSTITIAL CELLS OF LEYDIG (E/M) Abundant sER. Mitochondria: Numerous, With tubular cristae. Numerous lipid droplets. Some rER. Crystals of Reinke. FUNCTION: Secrete testosterone.

SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES 1-4 seminiferous tubules in each testicular lobule. Each is lined with seminiferous epithelium. Seminiferous epithelium contains 2 types of cells: 1- Spermatogenic cells (are germ cells). 2- Sertoli cells (are somatic cells). Each is surrounded by: 1- Basement membrane. 2- Tunica propria: C.T. layer (collagen fibers + fibroblasts) which contains 1-2 layers of Myoid cells. Myoid cells are not found in man.

SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE

SERTOLI CELLS

SERTOLI CELL (E/M)

SERTOLI CELL (L/M) Are tall columnar cells (or pyramidal cells). Have ill-defined lateral cell boundaries. “ “ “ apex. Nucleus: Basal, Vesicular, Irregular (why? Infoldings), With prominent nucleolus. Cytoplasm: Pale basophilic.

SERTOLI CELLS (E/M) sER: ++++ rER: limited Golgi apparatus: well-developed Mitochondria: Numerous Lysosomes: Numerous Cytoskeletal elements: Abundant Crystalloids of Charcott-Boettcher Occluding junctions (Zonula type)

SERTOLI CELLS Functions: 1- Support & Nutrition of spermatogenic cells. 2- Phagocytosis. 3- Secretion: Testicular fluid, ABP, Inhibin H. 4- Formation of blood-testis barrier.

SERTOLI CELLS Dividability: Can not divide in reproductive period.

BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER It is composed by attachment of processes of the lateral borders of adjacent Sertoli cells by zonula occluding (tight) junctions. It divides spermatogenic cells into 2 compartments: 1- Basal compartment: contains spermatogonia. 2- Adluminal compartment: contains the other spermatogenic cells. Function: 1- It prevents autoimmune infertility. 2- It protects spermatocytes from drugs and toxic materials.

SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE

SPERMATOGENIC CELLS (1) Spermatogonia: - Type A Spermatogonia: Dark type A Pale type A - Type B Spermatogonia. (2) 1ry Spermatocytes. (3) 2ry Spermatocytes. (4) Spermatids: early & late. (5) Spermatozoa.

SPERMIOGENESIS

Definition: Transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa. Features: 1- Formation of acrosome. 2- Nucleus: Condensation, elongation, slight flattening, acrosomal cap (head cap). 3- Development of flagellum. 4- Formation of mitochondrial sheath. 5- Loss of much cytoplasm: Cytoplasmic residual bodies→ Are phagocytosed by Sertoli cells.

INTRATESTICULAR GENITAL DUCTS Ductuli

INTRATESTICULAR GENITAL DUCTS 1- Tubuli recti. 2- Rete testis. 3- Ductuli efferentes (Vasa efferentia).

TUBULI RECTI Epithelium: Initial segment: Sertoli-like cells. Distal segment: simple cuboidal epith.

RETE TESTIS Epithelium: Simple cuboidal epithelium.

DUCTULI EFFERENTES No: Structure: 1- Epithelium: Patches of simple cuboidal cells (Absorptive) alternating with regions of ciliated columnar cells. 2- C.T. layer with few circularly-arranged SMFs.

EXTRATESTICULAR GENITAL DUCTS (Corpus spongiosum)

EXTRATESTICULAR GENITAL DUCTS 1- Ductus epididymis. 2- “ deferens (Vas deferens). 3- Ejaculatory duct.

EPIDIDYMIS

EPIDIDYMIS (DUCTUS EPIDIDYMIS) Head + Body + Tail. Structure: (1)Epithelium: Ps. Str. Col. E. with stereocilia. (E/M of stereocilia: Long, branched, non-motile microvilli). (2) Basal lamina. (3) Loose C.T. (4) Layer of circularly-arranged SMFs.

Vas (ductus) Deferens V

DUCTUS DEFERENS (VAS DEFERENS) (1) Epithelium: Ps. Str. Col. E with stereocilia (2) Basal lamina. (3) Loose C.T. (Loose fibroelastic C.T.). N.B. Lumen is irregular- why? Mucosa has longitudinal folds. (4) Thick smooth muscle coat ( 3 layers): Inner longitudinal muscle layer. Middle circular “ “. Outer longitudinal “ “. (5) Adventitia: Loose fibroelastic C.T. N.B. Ampulla has highly folded, thickened epithelium.

EJACULATORY DUCT (1)Epithelium: Simple columnar epithelium. (2) Subepithelial C.T.: is folded. N.B. No smooth muscle in its wall.

ACCESSORY GENITAL GLANDS 1- Seminal vesicles (one pair). 2- Prostate. 3- Bulbourethral glands ( one pair).

SEMINAL VESICLE

(1) Mucosa: is highly convoluted. -Epithelium: Ps. Str. Col. E. -Subepith. C.T.: Fibroelastic C.T. (2) Muscle coat: -Inner circular layer. -Outer longitudinal layer. (3) Adventitia: Fibroelastic C.T. N.B. Seminal fluid produced by seminal vesicles: -Is fructose-rich fluid. -Is viscous fluid. -Is pale yellow ( due to lipochrome pigments). -Represent 70% of the semen (ejaculate).

PROSTATE (Main Zone) (Submucosal Zone) (Mucosal Zone) * ** Most benign prostatic hyperplasia* Major site of prostatic cancer**

PROSTATE

PROSTATIC CONCRETIONS (CORPORA AMYLACEA)

PROSTATE

* It is formed of compound tubuloalveolar glands, which are arranged in 3 discrete, concentric layers (zones): 1- Mucosal glands. 2- Submucosal glands. 3- Main glands. It secretes: serous, white fluid rich in: 1- Acid phosphatase. 2- Proteolytic enzymes. 3- Citric acid. 4- Fibrinolysin.

PROSTATE L/M: (A)Stroma: 1- Capsule: (thin fibromuscular capsule): Dense irregular collagenous C.T.+ SMFs. 2- Septa: (Indistinct in adult men): Are thick complete fibromuscular septa. 3- Stroma in between acini: (fibromuscular stroma): Richly vascular Dense irregular collagenous C.T.+ SMFs.

PROSTATE L/M: (B) Parenchyma: 1- Prostatic acini: - Lining: Simple Col. or Ps. Str. Col. E. - Prostatic concretions. 2- Duct system.

PROSTATIC CONCRETIONS (CORPORA AMYLACEA) Spherical or oval bodies of glycoproteins in the lumen of some prostatic acini. Often are calcified. Their No. increases with aging.

BULBOURETHERAL GLANDS (COWPER’S GLANDS) (1)Capsule: Fibroelastic C.T.+ SMFs+ Sk.MFs. (2) Septa: “” “” “” “”. Septa divide each gland into lobules. (3) Epithelium: Mucus-secreting simple cuboidal epith. or simple columnar epith. N.B. They are compound tubuloalveolar glands. They empty into the membranous urethra.

PENIS xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx Spongiosum

PENIS Two corpora cavernosa. One corpus spongiosum. Glans penis. Prepuce: is lined with mucous membrane. (Epith.: moist str. Sq. non-ker. E.). Erectile tissue of penis: Numerous vascular spaces (variably-shaped) separated by trabeculae of C.T.& SMFs.

BEST WISHES

TESTIS 1- Tunica albuginea Mediastinum testis 2- Incomplete septa 3- Tunica vaginalis 4- Testicular lobules: Seminiferous tubules (No.: 1-4/lobule) Loose vascular C.T. (Interstitial Tissue) With interstitial cells (Leydig cells)

SPERMATOGENESIS

VAS DEFERENS (RABBIT) Inner circular Outer longitudinal

PROSTATE