Agriscience Applications Biotechnology
The Beginning… Bio Technology In your notebook write a definition for biotechnology Bio Technology
Application of science to an industrial or commercial objective The Beginning… Bio Life or living Application of science to an industrial or commercial objective Technology
According to Merriam-Webster… Main Entry: bio·tech·nol·o·gy Function: noun Date: 1941 1: the manipulation (as through genetic engineering) of living organisms or their components to produce useful usually commercial products (as pest resistant crops, new bacterial strains, or novel pharmaceuticals) ; also : any of various applications of biological science used in such manipulation
History Biotechnology has been around since the beginning of time Yeast to make bread rise Bacteria to ferment sauerkraut Bacteria to produce cheese, yogurt Transform grain into alcohol
Biotechnology Silage Used for animal feed Green grasses and grains stored in air tight containers Converts sugars and starches to acids
The Genetic Connection Genetics Biology of heredity Transmission of characteristics from an organism to its offspring through genes in reproductive cells Gregor Mendel Experimented with garden pea plants
The Genetic Connection Genes Components of cells that determine individual characteristics of all living things Comprised of DNA The “Blueprint” of cells and their successive cells
The Genetic Connection Animal Cell
The Genetic Connection Gene Mapping Matching a gene to a trait Determines what gene is responsible for certain traits Examples: Tendency of baldness Tendency of females to have twins Height of plants
Application of Biotechnology DNA Matching Identifying the parents of offspring Genetic engineering Early 1980’s Modifies the genetic make-up of animals and plants Movement of genetic information (genes) from one cell to another
Products of Genetic Engineering Insulin Treats diabetes Herbicide resistant crops BST (bovine somatotrapin) Increases milk production Lee-minus Bacteria that retards frost formation on plants Convert waste to fuel
Objective Explore the structure of DNA as it is related to examples of agricultural plants and animals
DNA Found in all living cells All DNA is similar in structure and function transmitter of heredity information
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid Come in pairs of strands Shape connected by bases Shape double helix
DNA in Genetics Gene Splicing Examples: Removing and inserting genes into DNA Alters a given characteristic Examples: Alter a plants susceptibility to disease Make a plant resistant to insects Alter bacteria to increase meat production
Gene Mapping The process of finding and recording the location of genes
Recombinant DNA Improves animal and plant performance by manipulation Alter microorganisms Control disease insects weeds pest Less use of chemicals more biological control better for the environment
Concerns Federal and state governments monitor use Extensive testing Laboratory to the greenhouse Final testing is occurs outdoors prior to final approval Final approval only after all phases are completed
Assignment Organize a discussion group with two other people. Explore four benefits and concerns of biotechnology Record your benefits and concerns in your notes with an explanation Provide the best solution for your concerns Be ready to share your work