REReP regional meeting on “Energy and Climate” in South Eastern Europe May rd, 2008 Brussels, Belgium BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Short overview of the climate change and energy status, regional/cross-border projects, reporting

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Figures and facts 1.Located in the Western Balkans – SE Europe 2.Territory: 51,129 sq.m 3.Population 1991: 4,364,649 (Census) 4.Population 2004: 3,842,527 (Estimation) 5.Displaced persons: ~ 250,000 6.Official languages: Bosnian, Serbian, Croatian 7.GDP (2004) 8,576 mil. $ 8.GDP/capita (2004) 2,231 $ 9.BH Central Bank established new currency in Convertible Mark (KM) 1 KM = 0,5 Euro

B & H City / Municipality F BH RS 1, City / Municipality I – State level II – Entities III – Cantons IV – Local level ` BiH Government Structure Brčko Distrikt

Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina District Brčko Ministry of Security Ministry of Foreign Affairs BH GOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURE Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations Ministry of Civil Affairs Ministry of Finance and Treasury Ministry of Defence Ministry of Transport and Comunication Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations is responsible for Environmental Activities at the State Level with competencies for: International relations Definition of policy Base principles Coordination of activities and harmonisation of plans of entities Ministry for Justice Ministry for Human Rights and Refugee

● Environment and Tourism ● Agriculture, Waters & Forestry INTER- ENTITY COORD. BODY FOR ENVIRONMENT CO-OPERATION ON INTER - ENTITY LEVEL Government of F BiH Government of RS ● Physical Planning, Civil Engineering & Ecology ● Agriculture, Forestry & Waters

General Secretary of the Ministry (2) Cabinet of the Minister (6) Cabinet of the Deputy Minister (5) State Veterinary Office incl. Animal Identification Agency (24) Minister * Planned number of posts, includes one non-university post. Customs Policy and Tariffs Sector (17) International Trade Relations Sector (18) Foreign Trade Policy & Foreign Investments Sector (22) Economic Development & Entrepreneurship Sector (22) Natural Resources, Energy & Environment Sector (20) Legal and General Affairs Sector (24) Department for Foreign Trade Policy & Control (5) Department for Foreign Investments & Free Zones (5) Department for Registration & Commerce of Weapons & Military Equipment (8) Department for Promotion of Export (3) Department for Multilateral Trade Relations (6) Department Trade Relations with the EU (4) Department for Customs Policy (5) Department for Customs Tariffs (4) Department for Supervising the Implementation of Customs Regulations (8) Department for Entrepreneurship (7) Department for Economic Reconstruction & Development Projects (7) Department for Technical Assistance for Economic Development (5) Department for Coordination of Natural Resources Management (5) Department for Energy (6) Department for Environmental Protection (10) * Department for Legal Affairs (5) Department for Administrative & Common Affairs (12) Department for Material Financial Affairs (5) Organisational chart of MoFTER (as of ): the numbers are planned, not actual staff. Department for Bilateral Trade Relations (6)

Environmental Competency in the Public Administration structure in BiH (as of ) Environmental Competency in the Public Administration structure in BiH

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Bosnia and Herzegovina ratified United Nations Climate Change Conventions (UNFCCC) 20 th July 2000 (Official gazete B&H No. 19/00), and Kyoto protocol Date of signature: 16 th April 2007 Date of entry into force: 15 th July 2007 Date of ratification: 22 nd April 2008 (Official gazete B&H No. 03/08), as a Non Anex I Party,

BiH is still undergoing a process of building its capacity to participate in the UNFCCC and KP, and developing state-level environmental legislation in accordance with the acquis communitaire. We organized several workshops for the purpose of education of personnel in field of CDM projects. CDM (Clean Development Mechanism)

There are lot of companies interested in use of CDM, especially in field of mini hydropower plants, wind and other alternative energy source, increasing of energy efficiency. CDM (Clean Development Mechanism)

Bosnia and Herzegovina FP for Climate Changes attended numerous meetings and conferences, in conformity with UNFCCC and KP. In cooperation with UNDP organized compilation of the Initial National Communication. Through the workshops and training increased a number experts in this field. We provided intersectoral cooperation, especially, with sections of sources of energy, forestry, agriculture and water management. ACTIVITIES

 In the meeting held on 27 th December in Sarajevo, new implementation methodology of project was accepted.  Project Steering Committee was established and it is constituted of members of the Inter-entity Coordination Body for Environment, representative of Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations of B&H and representative of Brcko District. NATIONAL INVENTORY REPORT

Implementation of project activities are in charge of UNDP. We selected Team Leader of project, office staff, as well as Team Leaders for: a) the Greenhouse Gas inventories, b) Mitigation and Vulnerability and, c) Adaptation components. NATIONAL INVENTORY REPORT

Some data is already gathered and detailed work plan of implementation of project is prepared. Project (First national inventory report) will be completed by the end of 2009.

Last year, Bosnia and Herzegovina completed project in the field of climate change: ’’Study for Climate Change Impact Assessment on Agriculture and Adaptation strategy Development in Bosnia and Herzegovina’’.  Activities in preparation of another two projects in this field are underway.  NEAP defined 160 projects, in various filds of environment: Water resource, Environmental management Waste management Sustainable development PROJECTS

Capacity building in developing countries to participate in the CDM is usually supported by UNDP. Through the MDG-F project, UNDP initiated in BiH a project “Development of CDM institutional and legal framework”, which will help the government to create favourable conditions for development and approval of CDM projects. PROJECTS

The Global Environmental Facility supports projects that reduce or avoid greenhouse gas emissions The GEF promotes energy efficiency by removing barriers to the large-scale application, implementation, and dissemination of cost-effective, energy-efficient technologies and practices. GEF supports market transformation of energy-efficiency appliances and widespread adoption of energy-efficient technologies in industry and building sectors. PROJECT

GEF Projects BiH start with the implementtion of NCSA- National Capacity Self Assessment for global environmental management. This project will determine needs of country and priorities for implementation of this convention.

GEF Projects There are 4 nominated GEF regional projects: –Biodiversity conservation in Livanjsko polje –Conservation and sustainable use of medical and aromatic plants –Promoting energy efficiency in buildings –B&H biomass energy for employment and energy security project

Climate change 1.“Promoting energy efficiency in buildings”; The project goal is to decrease energy consumption in buildings, which only in the housing sectors adds up to 60% of the country’s energy, by promoting energy efficiency technologies and practicies in the construction sector. Energy efficiency in housing is a very cost effective way of reducing CO 2 emissions and of enormous benefit to returning citizens who can reduce their energy costs and improve their standards of living in other ways.

2.“B&H biomass energy for employment and energy security project”; The project objective is to remove market barriers to the adoptation of sustainable biomass energy services in rural areas of B&H as well as to enhance job creation and poverty reduction in local communities. Biomass is very abundant resource in B&H and particularly in rural areas where heating costs are particularly acute. In many cases biomass would be replacing coal as a source of heating. Biomass is highly replicable in B&H and could therefore have a high impact in reducing emissions.

Future GEF Regional Project Neretva Trebišnjica River Basin Management is adapted –This is regional cros-border project between B&H and Republic of Croatia –Budget is USD 8, –Need to confirm implementation of arrangements –Implementation Agency: World Bank

Mitigation through IPPC The most relevant to climate change mitigation is the Directive on IPPC (96/61/EC), which obliges the major polluting industrial and agricultural installations to obtain a permit from their national authorities to be allowed to operate. The permits are based on the concept of Best Available Techniques (BAT) to prevent and reduce emissions, and to use energy efficiently. In both entities the transposition of the Directive is relatively advanced. Major steps are still needed for its implementation, such as preparation of the inventory of the installations which are covered by the requirements of the Directive, definition of national BAT, development of plans for assessing compliance with integrated permits, and establishment of procedures for ensuring consultations with competent authorities in neighbouring countries, and others. The successful implementation of the IPPC Directive is the basis for the future implementation of the EU ETS Directive, as it is elaborated as an amendment of the IPPC Directive.

Renewable energy sources Renewable energy is one of the most promising substitutes for fossil fuels, whose transformation to energy is responsible for the largest share of greenhouse gas emissions. The main climate change mitigation potential in BiH is in the utilisation of the available renewable energy sources. Bosnia has a lot of potential in renewable resources such as water, biomass, solar, geothermal and wind energy.

Bosnia and Herzegovina, as a signatory to the UNFCCC, has to fulfill the following obligations: Prepare and periodically update a national inventory of greenhouse gas emissions; Formulate and implement national and, where appropriate, regional programmes to mitigate climate change and adequately adapt to climate change; Promote and cooperate in the development, application and diffusion of technologies, practices and processes that control, reduce or prevent anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases; Promote sustainable management, and promote and cooperate in the conservation and enhancement of sinks and reservoirs of all greenhouse gases; Cooperate in preparing for adaptation to the impacts of climate change;

Take climate change considerations into account in the relevant social, economic and environmental policies and actions, Promote and cooperate in scientific, technological, technical, socio-economic and other research, systematic observation and development of data archives related to the climate system and intended to further the understanding and to reduce or eliminate uncertainties; Promote and cooperate in the full, open and prompt exchange of relevant scientific, technological, technical, socio-economic and legal information related to the climate system and climate change; Promote and cooperate in education, training and public awareness related to climate change.

Gaps, needs and priorities Lack of capacity for comprehensive quantitative and qualitative Vulnerability and Adaptation (V&A) assessment, which should be put in broader socio- economic context to arrive at cost-effective adaptation measures; Poor data on adaptation options and lack of mechanisms for information sharing and management across agriculture sector; Limited awareness of stakeholders and population on climate change adaptation; Insufficient and limited funding for adaptation study

Gaps, needs and priorities Priority on setting up a national strategy for adaptation to climate change and comprehensive implementation plans for adaptation. Within the BiH Initial National Comunication (INC) should be assessed vulnerability and identified adaptation measures as well as developed the “ Policy Framework for implementing adaptation measures”; Improving early warning and response systems; Developing and transfering of adaptation technologies; Education on sensitive issues of climate change

Actions might include the following specific needs: All kind of assistance for technological capacity building in the fields of systematic climate observation, data collection, processing, archiving, climate database development and climate change analysis and forecasting (meteorological, hydrological and other relevant instruments and equipments, hardware and software, etc.); Technical and financial support and assistance for staff to take advantage of UNFCCC, IPCC, WMO, and other international institutions training opportunities related to: climate change impacts studies and projections, vulnerability, adaptations and mitigation assessment; national GHG emission inventory preparation and reporting;

Actions might include the following Specific needs: Other assistance for Project “Capacity building for adaptation to climate change in energy sector”; Enhance awareness and knowledge on climate changes, their possible impacts, and other related climate change issues in B&H; Support participation of stakeholders - Strengthen relevant and key research institutions and NGOs; Increasing investments climate changes is the priority areas identified above. International support are vital for Bosnia and Herzegovina to overcome barriers in reduction of vulnerability of energy to impacts of climate change through the adaptation measures

Thank you for your attention!