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Do Now What questions do you still have about the physical geography of Europe? If none, summarize what you have learned.

Information Chapter 12 Test - Physical Geography of Europe Test IPR grades - finalized Missing Assignments Tutoring sheets - incentive available for attending

Current Events Russian aircraft near Western airspace - increased flights - purpose of these fly bys Cam Newton involved in car accident - serious implication for Panthers - broken back

Do Now What questions do you still have about the physical geography of Europe? If none, summarize what you have learned.

Northern European Plain Fertile agricultural area of Europe - produced food for centuries - France, Belgium, Netherlands, Denmark, Germany, and Poland Subject to invasion throughout history - flat land allows for easy travel for armies One third of Europe (33%) is suitable for farming.

Resources of Europe Read pp (identify main ideas)

Netherlands (Holland) – A true Human-Environment story Land Reclamation - growing population - need for land, 40% of the land was underwater Polders - land reclaimed from the sea - created by dikes and dams - windmills were used to drain the land

Zuider Zee Part of the North Sea - dike system, turned a salt water body of water into a fresh water lake - massive project created polders around the lake - more land reclaimed - system of channels direct water flows to the lake

Chesapeake Bay Bridge Tunnel

Venice: Queen of the Adriatic Comprised of 120 islands and part of the mainland - 2 main islands – San Marco and Rialto, both separated by a large canal (Grand Canal) - about 150 total canals connect the islands In the U.S., we use cars, in Venice, they use boats

Venice starts as a swamp Originally colonized by individuals fleeing an invasion - Germanic and Hun invaders Islands were more like a lagoon - swamp areas - access to Adriatic Sea

Venice: Current Problems Construction Issues Other Problems Deforestation - use of trees to create pilings to build structures on (like a pier) Degradation of wood materials City is sinking - ground water pumped out - soft ground Water Pollution - sewage, trash Erosion of structures and pilings Rising sea levels - heavy flooding Agricultural Runoff - create algae blooms - cause fish kills

European Problem: Deforestation Continual problem throughout history - used for fuel - ship building and homes Industrialization - used for steel furnaces prior to use of coal - demand for wood increased

Acid Rain: Black Forest Industry brought factories - increased pollution - sulfur in the air creates acid rain - destroyed forests in Germany Affects felt in Scandinavia - climate change

TOTD: Human-Environment Interaction Which has had a greater impact, humans on the environment or the environment upon humans? Use what you have learned from Chapter 12, section 3 to explain your answer.

Exit: Verbal Brief In one sentence, summarize the physical features of Europe.