CHALLENGING TRADITIONAL TO RESOURCE SHARING AND CONTENT ACCESS ASCLA Pre-Conference Association of Specialized and Cooperative Library Agencies June 25, 2010 Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative Technology and Research Vanderbilt University Library Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides

Program Summary  Giving People What They will feature a thought- provoking examination of technology and how its pervasive development is challenging traditional approaches to resource-sharing and content access. Presenters will examine users’ different information- seeking behaviors and how they differ significantly from how libraries have traditionally provided information. Participants will also discuss technological limitations inherent in sharing resources across disparate systems; innovative approaches that are broadening the definition of resource-sharing; and the impact of digital publishing, library end-user research, and innovative implementations of resource-sharing.

Presentation Topic  Breeding will give a broad overview of issues related to interoperability and systems currently in use in libraries and how this affects our ability to effectively share resources and materials.

Working toward seamless end-user experience for discovery and fulfillment Part I – setting a vision

The current state of things  Many public libraries lack automation  lib-web-cats counts:  17,112 public libraries in United States  2,020 not automated (321 = Unknown 699 = None)  ~12 percent library facilities  Most libraries in standalone ILS  9,804 = 57 percent  Many libraries belong to a consortium  5,995 = 35 percent

Yet…  Budget distress  Cuts in library collections expenditure  Transition to higher proportions in electronic content  Urgent need for better resource sharing opportunities

Current technologies provide a poor end-user experience...

A cumbersome process  Search  Failed discovery  Unavailable locally  Interlibrary loan request  Hold / recall  Notification of availability  Pickup

A menu of disjointed services and content

Catalog Search

Catalog Results

Discovery Results

Remote storage request

Interlibrary Loan Request

What’s possible  E-commerce world delivers a seamless experience  Simple user interfaces sit in front of many complex inventory and business systems  Ease of discovery  Simple selection and fulfillment processes

Intuitive though Complex Interface

Search results with facets

One-click fulfillment

One aspect of the problem  Discovery disconnected with Resource sharing

Traditional approach  Catalog search  Circulation  Remote storage retrieval  Interlibrary Loan  Consortial borrowing  The user must figure the appropriate service

Traditional Models of Resource Sharing  Interlibrary Loan  Consortia  Union Catalog  Shared Catalog

Resource Sharing Products  SirsiDynix URSA  OCLC Navigator (based on VDX)  INN-Reach  Agent Resource Sharing  Relais ILL / Resource Sharing

Next-gen Resource Sharing Requirements  Immediacy  Beyond books  E-books. Need to find library model for e-book lending  Decreasing proportions of physical materials  Buy less / Share more

Recent trends impacting resource sharing  Large-scale shared automation systems  Georgia Pines  British Colombia SITKA consortium  Others in early stages: Pennsylvania, Minnesota, Indiana  Increased adoption of more comprehensive discovery products  Emergence of service-oriented library applications  Kuali OLE  Ex Libris URM

Resource Sharing for electronic materials  E-books present example of problems libraries face as resources of all kinds shift toward licensed content  Assumptions that support mission of libraries absent  Physical media  Doctrine of first sale  Replaced by license terms that may or may not allow lending

Part II – Supporting technologies  Interoperability and Resource Sharing

Fulfillment  Use behind-the-scenes technology to engage the appropriate business process or system to deliver the resource

Interoperability in support of Resource Sharing

Applicable Standards  Z39.50  ISO ILL  NCIP  SIP2

Global Web-scale resource sharing  OCLC WorldCat Local  OCLC WorldCat / ILL

Increased Participation in large-scale shared Catalogs

Resource sharing layer

Challenge the assumptions of the past  Move from resource sharing as a discrete and separate system to a component of an organic business process of fulfillment  Design and build basic library automation infrastructure based on new assumptions and current realities of library collections and operations

Interoperability through Standards

APIs and Web services  The key technology to enabling the advanced interoperability needed to build a seamless user experience in front of the complex business processes and multiple applications involved in sharing physical and electronic resources

Large-scale discovery

Web-scale discovery

What does it mean to be Open?

Opening up Library Systems through Web Services and SOA: Hype or Reality? This report aims to assess the current slate of major library automation systems in regard to their ability to provide openness through APIs, Web services, and the adoption of SOA. Library Technology Reports Nov/Dec Issue 2009 by Marshall Breeding

Opening up Library Systems through Web Services and SOA: Hype or Reality? “We also note that the two open source systems lag behind proprietary systems in terms of customer-facing APIs that result in tangible activities which extend functionality or enable interoperability.” Library Technology Reports Nov/Dec Issue 2009 by Marshall Breeding

Opening up Library Systems through Web Services and SOA: Hype or Reality? “The APIs available to library programmers continue to be quirky and less than comprehensive, even from the vendors with the strongest offerings in this area.” Library Technology Reports Nov/Dec Issue 2009 by Marshall Breeding

Closed Systems Circulation Acquisitions Cataloging Staff Interfaces: End User Interfaces: Data Stores: Functional modules: No programmable Access to the system. Captive to the user Interfaces supplied by the developer Programmer access:

Open Source Model Circulation Acquisitions Cataloging Staff Interfaces: End User Interfaces: Data Stores: Functional modules: All aspects of the system available to inspection and modification. Programmer access:

Open API Model Circulation Acquisitions Cataloging Staff Interfaces: End User Interfaces: Data Stores: Functional modules: Core application closed. Third party developers code against the published APIs or RDBMS tables. Programmer access: Published APIs

Open Source / Open API Model Circulation Acquisitions Cataloging Staff Interfaces: End User Interfaces: Data Stores: Functional modules: Core application closed. Third party developers code against the published APIs or RDBMS tables. Programmer access: Published APIs

Application based on Internal Proprietary programming Core Functionality / Business Logic Public Interface Staff Interface Reports Module Delivered Interfaces Core Software Data stores

Application API exposed to External Applications Core Functionality / Business Logic Application Programming Interfaces Public Interface Staff Interface Reports Module Delivered Interfaces use proprietary programming Core Software Data stores RDMS API External applications

Transition to service-oriented architecture

Legacy ILS + e-content modules Interlibrary Loan Request System Circulation Acquisitions Cataloging Serials OpenURL Linking Electronic Resource Mgmt System Staff Interfaces: End User Interfaces: Data Stores: Functional modules:

Service Oriented Architecture

SOA for library workflow processes Data Stores: Reusable Business Services Composite Applications Granular tasks:

Path forward for Resource Sharing  Better integration into library resource discovery  Better integration among back-end management systems  Increased need for library automation deployments optimized for increased resource sharing

Questions and Discussion