CHINA SINCE 1945 Note Guide

I.) Civil War Resumes After WWII

A.) Communist (led by Mao Zedong) defeat the ….

Nationalist (led by Jiang Jieshi) (aka: Chiang Kai Shek)

B.) 1949 – Communists win & create the “People’s Republic of China” Success largely due to popular support from the millions of peasants

C.) Nationalists flee to Taiwan -Democracy Established

II.) China Under Mao

A.) Communist system installed (received Soviet support)

1.) Nationalized the economy 2.) 5 year plans 3.) collectivization

B.) Totalitarianism 1.) Communism replaced Confucianism

2.) Mao’s “Cult of Personality”

“The Sun from Mao”

Father Mao

Mao’s “Little Red Book”

TRIVIA: DID YOU KNOW? MAO

C.) Mao’s Programs

1.) The Great Leap Forward a.) program to modernize farming & industry b.) did not work; caused much starvation

2.) The Cultural Revolution a.) Purpose was to purge “non-revolutionaries” b.) Youths attacked those they considered against the revolution

D.) International Relations

1.) The U.S.A. a.) U.S. supported the Nationalist b.) President Nixon visited China C.) 1979 – Official relations established

Forrest Gump

2.) The U.S.S.R. a.) Soviets sent much aid b.) They disagreed over policies c.) Ended close relations in 1960

E.) 1976 – Mao dies

III.) Reforms -emphasized results rather than philosophy

A.) Economic changes 1.) allowed some private enterprise & limited free- market policies

Example 1: Farmers must give a set amount to the gov. but may sell the remaining crops for profit

Example 2: Foreign corporations can enter joint ventures with the Chinese gov. & shared profits

2.) Changes have brought a higher standard of living for some

1985

IV.) Political Repression

A.) Gov. allows no political freedom B.) Some Chinese have demanded more political freedom

C.) Tiananmen Square Massacre (May 1989)

1.) Thousands of demonstrators occupied the square demanding more democracy

2.) Gov. demanded that they leave 3.) Demonstrators refused to leave 4.) Army sent in & thousands were killed

V.) Challenges Today Population 1.) 1.4 billion people 2.) 1 child policy

Propaganda poster for the one-baby policy

C.) Human Rights 1.) Foreign nations demand better treatment of people 2.) Chinese insist on no outside interference

D.) Tibet 1.) Chinese forced Tibetans out The Dalai Lama

E.) Taiwan 1.) Reunited with China Proper