Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012 Module 1 Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012 | Module 1 | No. 2 The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator © was developed by Katharine C. Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers It is based on Carl Jung’s Psychological Types Psychological Types Myers-Briggs Type Indicator ©

Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012 | Module 1 | No. 3 Personality types - history Sigmund Freud (1856 – 1939) developed the science of psychoanalysis – exploring the fluid and dynamic activity of the mind Former student of Freud, Carl Gustav Jung, built on Freud’s psychoanalytic science to make the first major attempt to define personality types Jung’s Psychological Types (1921) explored what he considered to be the two fundamental directions in which individual human consciousness could develop; the path outwards, and the path inwards. Jung believed that this was the most basic distinction between personalities Jung called these two paths ‘extravert’ and ‘introvert’ Jung did not believe that people are solely one thing or the other; rather that there was a tendency for one path to predominate – a ‘preference’

Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012 | Module 1 | No. 4 Personality types - history Jung believed that these two preferences or inclinations were augmented by what he called the ‘functions’ of thinking, feeling, sensation, and intuition, operating at different strengths Jung’s theories on personality types were extrapolated by Katharine C. Briggs (1875 – 1968) and her daughter, Isobel Briggs Meyers (1897 – 1980) leading to the development of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator instrument (MBTI) a psychometric questionnaire designed to measure psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions The MBTI instrument is called ‘the best-known and most trusted personality assessment tool available today’ by its publisher, CPP CPP further calls the MBTI tool ‘the world’s most widely used personality assessment,’ with as many as 2 million assessments administered annually

Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012 | Module 1 | No. 5 Purpose MBTI will help you to: Learn about yourself, understanding where you fit in a framework that describes personality differences in positive and constructive ways Appreciate important differences between people, and understand how different types can work together in a complementary way

Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012 | Module 1 | No. 6 Applications MBTI will help you to apply this knowledge to: Welcome and value difference in people Enhance working relationships and teamwork Develop your leadership style Influence others more effectively through improved communication Implement more effective problem-solving and decision-making strategies Handle disagreement and conflict more appropriately Help lead and manage change

Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012 | Module 1 | No. 7 Basic assumptions of type theory The MBTI questionnaire assesses preferences Preferences are not absolutes – everyone uses all eight It’s not about knowledge, skills, abilities, aptitudes or intelligence – MBTI preferences do not tell you what you can and can’t do There are no right and wrong preferences – there are no better or worse types; all types have strengths; all types have potential People are the best judges of their own type – hence the MBTI questionnaire is an indicator, not a test

Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012 | Module 1 | No. 8 MBTI concept What it is… Identifies some of your preferences or tendencies: Where we draw our energy from How we take in information How we make decisions How we deal with the world around us

Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012 | Module 1 | No. 9 Myers-Briggs Type Indicator © What are we measuring?

Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012 | Module 1 | No. 10 The four dimensions of type

Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012 | Module 1 | No. 11 The four dimensions of type E xtraversion X and XI ntroversion Where you prefer to get and focus your ‘energy’ or attention

Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012 | Module 1 | No. 12 People who prefer: E xtraversion Get energy from the outer environment of people and experiences Focus energy and attention outwards in action I ntroversion Get energy from the inner environment of reflections and thoughts Focus energy and attention inwards in reflection

Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012 | Module 1 | No. 13 E xtraversion vs Do-think-do vs Action vs Talk things through vs Spoken communication vs Expressive vs Share thoughts freely vs Interaction vs Breadth of interest vs Enjoy working in groups vs Put themselves in the foreground vs I ntroversion Think-do-think Reflection Think things through Written communication Contained Guard their thoughts Concentration Depth of interest Enjoy working alone Prefer to be in the background Characteristics

Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012 | Module 1 | No. 14 The four dimensions of type

Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012 | Module 1 | No. 15 The four dimensions of type S ensing X and X i N tuition What kind of information you prefer to gather and trust

Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012 | Module 1 | No. 16 S ensing Prefer information coming from the five senses Focus on what is real Value practical applications i N tuition Prefer information coming from association Focus on what might be Value imagination and insight People who prefer:

Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012 | Module 1 | No. 17 S ensing vs Facts and details vs Tried and tested vs Specifics vs See problems as needing specific vs solutions based on past experiences Here and now vs Predictability vs Practical vs To know ‘what is’ vs Value reality vs i N tuition Ideas and concepts New and untried Big picture See problems as opportunities to innovate based on inspiration Anticipating the future Change Theoretical To know ‘what could be’ Value imagination Characteristics

Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012 | Module 1 | No. 18 The four dimensions of type

Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012 | Module 1 | No. 19 The four dimensions of type T hinking X and XF eeling What process you prefer to use in coming to decisions

Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012 | Module 1 | No. 20 T hinking Prefer to make decisions on the basis of logic and objectivity Quick to see errors and give a critique Step out of situations in order to analyse dispassionately F eeling Prefer to make decisions on the basis of values and personal convictions Quick to show appreciation and find common ground Step into situations to weigh human values and motives People who prefer:

Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012 | Module 1 | No. 21 T hinking vs Logical analysis vs Question first vs Focus on tasks vs Know when logic is required vs Objective vs Remain detached when making vs decisions weighing pros and cons Search for flaws in argument vs Fair vs F eeling Understanding others’ views Accept first Focus on people Know when support is required Personal Remain personally involved when making decisions, weighing values Search for points of agreement Compassionate Characteristics

Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012 | Module 1 | No. 22 The four dimensions of type

Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012 | Module 1 | No. 23 The four dimensions of type J udging X and XP erceiving How you prefer to deal with the world around you, your ‘lifestyle’

Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012 | Module 1 | No. 24 J udging Prefer to live life in a planned and organised manner Enjoy coming to closure and being decisive Avoid stressful last-minute rushes P erceiving Prefer to live life in a spontaneous and adaptable manner Enjoy keeping options open and being curious Feel energised by last-minute pressures People who prefer:

Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012 | Module 1 | No. 25 J udging vs Structured, organised vs Prefer certainty vs Controlled vs Draw conclusions vs Commit to plans and decisions vs See routines as effective vs Finish tasks before deadline vs Prefer to trust the plan vs P erceiving Flexible, open Enjoy surprises Unconstrained Stay tentative Reserve right to change plans or decisions See routines as limiting Finish tasks at deadline Prefer to trust the process Characteristics

Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012 | Module 1 | No. 26 The 16 types ISTJISFJINFJINTJ ISTPISFPINFPINTP ESTPESFPENFPENTP ESTJESFJENFJENTJ

Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012 | Module 1 | No. 27 How it all fits together The essence of type involves: How information is gathered (Sensing and iNtuition) and How decisions are made (Thinking and Feeling) Each type has favourite ways of doing these two things The middle two letters of an individual’s four-letter type (S or N, and T or F) represent their preferred processes Their opposites – the two letters that don’t appear in your four-letter type – are your third and fourth preferences

Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012 | Module 1 | No. 28 Priorities of function

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