CHAPTER 14/15 TEST GOOD LUCK!

Age of Absolutism Chapter 16

Spanish Power Charles V inherits the _______: Catholic Gives up Divides the territory: Charles I took the name Charles V. He is the Grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella. He inherits the Hapsburg Empire which included Spain, Portugal, Italy, the Netherlands, and the Holy Roman Empire. Charles V was Catholic and for years he tried to suppress Protestantism, but decided to allow the German princes to choose their own religion. Charles V was basically trying to rule 2 empires that are scattered throughout Europe. After religious conflicts and battles with the Ottoman Empire, Charles V gives up and divides up the territory to his son, Phillip II and his brother Ferdinand, who takes control of the Holy Roman Empire.

Phillip II Accomplishments Strengthened _______ Church Made his own _____ power through marriage and _______ Son of Charles V -- Expands Spanish influence -Gains Spain, the Netherlands, Southern Italian States, and Spanish colonies in Americas. Phillip II believed that he ruled by Bonus Question – what is Divine Right == his authority to rule came directly from God. Therefore he wanted to defend the Roman Catholic Church--- therefore, he was against Protestants and other religions. Fought many wars, usually regarding religion. The Dutch Netherlands, the northern region in the Netherlands, declared independence from Spain but it was not recognized for another 60 plus years. Strengthened Catholic Church Made his own absolute power through marriage and war – Bonus Question – how would marriage make him more powerful? – alliances, pacify potential enemies, gain land He married four times – gained alliance with Portugal, England, France, and Austria

PHILIP II

Phillip II cont… Queen Elizabeth I = ______ Protestant _________ Dutch against ______ Encouraged _______ captains to _____ Spanish cities and _____ Spanish ships Phillip II attacked England Significance: Queen Elizabeth I was Phillip’s enemy. She was Protestant. She had supported the Dutch against Spain. She also encouraged English captains to loot Spanish cities and raid Spanish ships. Phillip II hopes to invade England with a fleet of 20,000 men in hopes to gain power. However, his ships were outmaneuvered by the English ships, because they were lighter and faster. ….this is significant because it marks the beginning of the end of Spanish power. The economy was also to blame for the decline of Spanish power – Spain neglected farming and commerce, because they were getting money from the American colonies that Spain established. In addition, the government taxed the small middle class, which weakened the group of people who actually supported the monarchy – in addition, Muslims and Jews were expelled, which decreased the skilled artisans and merchants in Spain – Spain also experienced inflation, because of all the money coming from the colonies in America

Homework Map (15 pts)

Journal Pre-Test

Journal Turn to page 528 and read the Biography of Maria Theresa Why do you think Maria Theresa stayed in power? What is something that you found interesting about her? How does this resemble Europe? How did this city become the symbol of Westernization/Modernization (Page 533)

Hapsburg Austria Charles VI’s Goals No _____ heir Gain ______ Decentralize _______ No _____ heir Charles IV was the ruler of Hapsburg Austria and his main goal was to Gain land, specifically Bohemia, Hungary, and Parts of Poland). He also hoped to decentralize the government – what does that mean? Charles IV had no male heir, so before his death he was trying to convince people that his daughter, Maria Theresa, was fully capable of ruling the empire.

Maria Theresa Daughter of ________ First _____ to rule the: Stayed in _____ b/c: Had ____ children Three became _______ of ______ Maria Theresa was the first women to rule the Hapsburg Empire in her own name. She stayed in power because she appointed excellent advisors. Not only was she an intelligent and capable ruler, she was a mother. She had 16 kids; three became rulers of France-- Joseph II, Leopold II, Marie Antoinette as we will discuss in the next unit

Prussia and the Hohenzollern Family Frederick I Gained loyalty of ________ Increased _______ Focused on building ________ Frederick II Seized land from _______ Put _____ on the map: Frederick I ruled by using fear, which his son later adopted. Frederick I gained loyalty of the nobles, which increased his control and paved the way for his son. He also focused on building a strong military, which he did so successfully. When his son, Frederick II, was young, he was more concerned with music and poetry. Frederick I was such a ruthless ruler that he imprisoned his son and beheaded his friend, who was going to help him runaway. Frederick II eventually became king and he used his father’s army wisely. He seized part of Italy from Austria and he earned the name Fredrick the Great, because he put Prussia on the map as world power.

Russia Monarchs Peter the Great Traveled ______ to ______ Brought technical ________, __________, and ______ from Europe to Russia Forced ALL Russian Institutions: Peter the Great inherited the throne when he was just 10 years old, however, he did not take control of the government until he was about 17. He was complete authority over every aspect of Russia, which mean he was a what? He traveled Europe to learn and even brought technical experts, teachers, and soldiers from Europe to Russia. Since he was an ABSOLUTE MONARCH, he forced all Russian Institutions under his control, including the Church – even Boyars, who are landowning nobles, were forced to serve the King

Goals Accomplishments ____________ Imported western _______, improved ______, simplified _______, encouraged: Strengthen ______ Rebuilt ______ like ________ Armies; very ______ military Centralize ______ power All ______ institutions brought under his ______, symbolic changes: Extend empire’s ______ Gained ______ on the _____ Sea As well as Modernizing or Westernizing Russia, Peter the Great hoped to strengthen the military, extend the empire’s boundaries, and centralize royal power. He accomplished westernization, because he imported western technology, improved education (est. academies) , simplified the Russian Alphabet, and encouraged exports and trade. He took Russia out of a state of isolationism and made Russia a world power. He strengthened the military by rebuilding the army like European armies; he had a very strong military. He was able to centralize royal power by brining all Russian institutions under his control….even the Church. He controlled everyone because they feared him. He had symbolic changes, such as shaving the boyars beards ..BONUS QUESTION….What are boyars? (landowning nobles)….forced them to dress more western….held dances where men and women actually mingled in public, which was against the norm in Russia. Another Accomplishment is St. Petersburg

Catherine the Great _____ Princess Came to ____ to marry Accomplishments Westernize Expand _______ Reorganize ______ _________ education for boys and girls

IN-CLASS ACTIVITY Work on Protest/support flyers, maps, key terms/key people

Homework Create a flyer that protests or supports one of the monarchs in Chapter 16 Must have color and pictures On the back of the flyer, explain why you are protesting or supporting the ruler.

Journal 2/27 Read Page 516 about Henry VIII and Elizabeth the first. How did they interact with Parliament? Were they absolute monarchs? Read “Charting a Collision Course” at the top page 516 Why would this quote upset Parliament members? (think about how Henry and Elizabeth’s relationship with Parliament)

CHARLES I

James I (1603-1625) Believed in ______________ Claimed ________ power Problems with _________ over: Paved the way for future: James I believed in the Divine Right to rule – which means? – According to the speech that he made to Parliament, he claimed absolute power --- why would this upset Parliament – James I, had problems with Parliament over money (collecting taxes) and foreign policy (wars) – James I paved the way for future absolute monarchs

Charles I Son of James I Imprisoned _______ without consent of ________ Parliament forced Charles I to sign: Prohibited the King from: Charles I _______ it, but _________ Parliament until he needed help Charles I was the son of James I, like his father, he also believed in the Divine Right to rule. He butted heads with Parliament as well. He imprisoned his enemies without the consent of Parliament, which obviously upset the members. Therefore, when Charles I, called upon Parliament for money, Parliament forced Charles I to sign the Petition of Right, which was a document that prohibited the King from raising taxes w/o Parliament’s consent and jailing people without legal means. Charles I ended up signing it, but he dissolved Parliament until he needed financial help again.

The Long Parliament ____________ Charles I’s chief ministers Abolished _______ _________ could not be _______ w/o its own consent The Long Parliament is a time referred to the 13 years where Charles I and Parliament had conflicts. Parliament started expanding it’s power. During this time, Parliament tried and executed Charles I’s chief ministers. Parliament also abolished bishops and declared that Parliament could not be dissolved w/o their own consent.

IN-CLASS / HOMEWORK CHAPTER 16 KEY TERMS/KEY PEOPLE

Journal 3/2 and 3/3 Turn to page 524 Why do you think Parliament included number 6 and number 9 in the English Bill of Rights? What number do you think is most important in the English Bill of Rights? WHY?

English Civil War

Restoration to Glorious Revolution

English Bill of Rights

In-Class Activity Complete Crossword Puzzle

Journal 3/4 and 3/5

HENRY IV LOUIS XIV

French Power Henry IV Huguenot Edict of _____ Goal: Accomplishments Improved ______ Built _______ Restored _______ Laid the foundation for _______________ Henry IV was a Huguenot, which means he was a Protestant. He implemented the Edict of Nantes, which gave Huguenots religious toleration and other freedoms. His goal was to repair France by improving roads, building bridges, reviving agriculture, and building a royal bureaucracy – which laid the foundation for absolute monarchy in France.

Louis XIII Cardinal Richelieu: Goals: Outlawed Huguenots Army: Defeated army of nobles: Nobles placed in high court and army positions: 9 year old son of Henry IV – Cardinal Richeline holds the power, because he is Chief Minister. His goals are to Strengthen central government and destroy Huguenots and Nobles power. He accomplished this by outlawing Huguenots army and destroying their cities. He also defeated the Noble’s army and destroyed their castles. He also place Nobles in high positions in court and in the army—Why? – to tie them to the King – so he would be able to control them and keep them from gaining too much power

Louis XIV Cardinal Mazarin is Chief Minister Louis XIV takes _______: Fronde uprising Louis XIV takes _______: 5 years old – Fronde uprising -- Nobles, merchants, and peasants rebel – Louis XVI takes control once Mazarin dies – he is 23 yrs old

“I AM the State” Divine Right Strengthened Royal power Expanded government and appointed intendants: collected taxes, recruited soldiers, and enforced the laws Usually wealthy middle class men – Why – close ties with middle class Strongest Army in Europe 300,000 soldiers – paid, fed, and trained

The King’s finance Minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert Mercantilist policies imposed Cleared land for farming Encouraged mining, lace making for trading purposes High tariffs on imported good Regulated trade with American colonies

Wealthiest State in Europe Palace of Versailles Symbolized Louis XIV’s power and wealth Secured nobility support Nobles lived in Palace Did not have to pay taxes

Group Project Art Group #1 Group#2 Creative Writing Group #1 Billy Dillon Sarah Cheyenne Latrell David Group#2 Lauren Kelsey Wade Irving Shelby Creative Writing Group #1 Billy Janell Ryan Group#2 Mark Andrew Sara Formal Presentation Group #1 Shai Mackenzie Krystal Group#2 Alexa Marissa Gage