Response to an Animal Disease Emergency

HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Steps in a Response Detection Investigation/Diagnosis Quarantine/Stop Movements Surveillance Depopulation Disposal Cleaning and Disinfection Indemnity/Recovery

HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Detection Unusual sign noted by: – Producer, animal handler or processor, local vet Diagnostic laboratory Processing plant Initial Response Local DVM contacts State Veterinarian or AVIC FADD sent to investigate (within 24 hours) Samples submitted to Federal Lab Risk and Response Assessment Response action levels determined based on disease suspected or diagnosed Activation of State Response Plan and/or National Response Framework Response Actions Quarantine; Stop Movements Surveillance Depopulation and Disposal Vaccination (?) Cleaning and Disinfection Recovery Indemnity Business Continuity Local State State or Federal Local

HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Animal Disease Emergency Indicators Increased illness, death, or abortion rates Significant drop in production Ulcers or blisters around the animal’s mouth or feet Sudden lameness Any nervous system signs Pox or lumpy skin conditions Severe respiratory conditions Any unusual or unexplained illness

HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 FADD Investigation Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostician – Specially trained veterinarian Over 500 FADD investigations in U.S. each year In Iowa, each year – Visits premise within 24 hours – Inspects animals and makes field diagnosis – Consults with State Veterinarian and AVIC on case priority and necessary actions Sample collection Sample handling (priority level) Control measures: movement restrictions, quarantine

HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Case Priorities Unlikely History and clinical signs do NOT indicate FAD Possible History or clinical signs not consistent Movement hold placed on animals by the State Highly Likely Epidemiology and clinical signs fit FAD Quarantine initiated by the State Contacts traced from farm to other farms

HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Animal Health Laboratory Submissions Routine (daily) testing – ISU CVM Diagnostic Laboratory – Other Private Laboratory Facilities – National Veterinary Laboratory Network When a foreign animal disease is suspected – Foreign Animal Disease Laboratory, Plum Island, NY (cloven hoofed) – National Veterinary Services Laboratory – Ames (poultry, equine, fish)

HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Response Actions based on laboratory diagnosis initial testing results in hours Presumptive Positive Initiate national and international communications plan Depopulate infected herd Activate local, State and USDA APHIS EOCs Initiate Governor’s declaration of emergency Consider U.S. Secretary’s emergency declaration Consider national movement hold on animals/animal products Mobilize State, Federal response resources Confirmed Positive Request Presidential declaration or NRP resources Make international notification

HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Response Preparedness plan in action – Expedient, safe, effective Level of response depends on: – Particular disease – Ability of disease to spread – Degree of spread – Resources available

HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Single Premises Response One location FADD investigates Diagnosis Quarantine premises Most coordination at State level Treat or depopulate Federal authorities manage international issues

HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Multiple Premises, Confined Area Response Everything for single premise Increased quarantine Area REGIONAL Involvement – State, federal and industry agricultural authorities handle situation with or without State Declared Emergency USDA Secretary of Agriculture may issue Declaration of Emergency

HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Multiple Premises, Multi-State Response Previous response actions plus National movement controls State Level Emergency declared U.S. Secretary of Agriculture requests assistance from DHS National Response Plan and ESF 11 activated APHIS is the lead agency

HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Euthansia Humane method Determined by State or Federal Veterinarian May include – Cervical dislocation – Carbon dioxide – Captive bolt – Anesthetic overdose

HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Disposal Options Burial on-site Composting Incineration Rendering Alkaline hydrolysis Landfill – Biosecurity concerns Disease characteristics Quarantine zones Open burning (not allowed in Iowa)

HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Disposal Options Disposal restricted by – Disease characteristics Ease of transmission Method of transmission Zoonotic potential – Quarantine zones – Other restrictions per the State Veterinarian

HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 IDNR: Carcass Disposal Maps – Site considerations of burial locations Environmental: Water tables Proximity to habitation Disease transmission GIS Mapping - Interactive – Mapping (GIS interactive) – 3 tiered approach Red – restricted zones Multiple colors – cautionary zones Green – No known restrictions

HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Recovery Restore confidence Requires time, money, effort – Cleaning and disinfection – Indemnity for livestock owners – Restocking Business continuity

HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Acknowledgments Development of this presentation was funded by a grant from the Iowa Homeland Security and Emergency Management and the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship to the Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State University. Contributing Authors: Glenda Dvorak, DVM, MPH, DACVPM; Danelle Bickett- Weddle, DVM, MPH, DACVPM; Gayle Brown, DVM, PhD