Created by Kristin Wade Kennesaw State University Masters in Early Childhood Education ECE 8814 / 01 Georgia Performance Standards Science--S3E1: Students will investigate the physical attributes of rocks and soils. Math--M3D1: Students will create and interpret simple tables and graphs.

Table of Contents What is A Rock? Three Types of Rocks Igneous Rocks –Examples of Igneous Rocks Sedimentary Rocks –Examples of Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks Did you Know? The Rock Cycle: How Rocks Form and Change Minerals –How are Minerals Identified –Moh’s Hardness Scale –Common Minerals and their Uses Are You Ready To Rock? So, You Think You’re A Rock Hound? The Rock Cycle Song Lights, Camera, Action! (Video Clips ) Test Your Knowledge

What is a Rock? The Earth is made of mostly rocks. Rocks are non- living solids found in nature comprised of minerals. Rocks can be found on Earth’s surface and in layers on the inside of the Earth.  The crust is Earth’s thin outer layer and here the rocks are solid.  The mantle is a thick layer of hot rock and some of the rock is soft.  The core is made up of two parts: the inner core and outer core. The rock in the outer core is so hot that it is liquid. The inner core stays solid due to the weight of the planet pressing in on it. It is hooter than the mantle.

The Three Types of Rocks Igneous Rock is rock that was once melted but has cooled and hardened. Sedimentary Rock forms from material that has settled into layers. The layers are squeezed together until they harden into rock. Metamorphic Rock is igneous, sedimentary or other metamorphic rock that has changed over time by heat or pressure or both deep inside the Earth.

Igneous Rocks Igneous Rocks are the oldest types of rocks Sometimes called “fire rocks” When they are formed under Earth’s surface they are called intrusive – hot magma cools slowly forming large crystals When they are formed above ground they are called extrusive – magma that erupts from a volcano becomes larva Lava cools quickly creating rocks with small crystals

GraniteObsidianScoriaPumice

Sedimentary Rocks Rock made from sand, mud and pieces of older rock and often have layers Sedimentary Rock could contain skeletons and shells of animals that lived long ago Sedimentary Rocks form at or near Earth’s surface from sediments that are deposited by wind or flowing water Sedimentary rock can be formed by pressure of sediment layers pressing on top of each other or by cementing where they get glued together by minerals that are dissolved in water

SandstoneLimestoneShaleConglomerate

Metamorphic Rocks  Metamorphic rocks are igneous and sedimentary rocks that have gone through some type pf change.  Metamorphic rocks from deep in the earth. They can be under a lot of AND which overcan cause them to become a new kind of rock!! HOW COOL!!

DID YOU KNOW? Most of the rock that is found in the first ten miles of our planet is Igneous. About 95%.

So, You Think You’re A Rock Hound? Can you solve the Mystery of the Floating Rock? Click here to become a Rock EXPERT! Learn more about the ROCK CYCLE with Tim and Moby ROCK GAMES

…the building blocks of rocks Minerals are found in the Earth Minerals are SOLID objects Minerals have NEVER Been ALIVE Minerals are formed by NATURE Minerals are MADE of ELEMENTS Minerals are USUALLY solid CRYSTALS Minerals that are RARE and EXPENSIVE are called GEMS

How Are Minerals Identified? COLORLUSTERSTREAKHardness Some minerals will always have the same color, such as GOLD. The color of a mineral can be helpful when trying to identify it. Luster is the way a mineral reflects light. Geologist use such words as brilliant, glassy, metallic, dull, shiny and pearly. When you rub a mineral across a hard, rough surface it will leave a streak on it. This will be different from its original color. The hardness of a mineral is determined by how easy it is to scratch it.hardness Talc can be scratched with a fingernail. A diamond cannot be scratched by other minerals.

HardnessMineralDescription 1TalcFingernail scratches it easily. 2GypsumFingernail scratches it. 3CalciteCopper penny scratches it. 4FlouriteSteel knife scratches it easily. 5ApatiteSteel knife scratches it. 6FeldsparSteel knife does not scratch it easily, but scratches glass. 7QuartzHardest common mineral. It scratches steel and glass easily. 8TopazHarder than any common mineral. 9CorundunIt scratches Topaz. 10DiamondIt is the hardest of all minerals.

Common Minerals GraphiteMicaHaliteGalenaCalcite MagnetitePyriteFeldsparQuartzCorundum

Are You Ready To Rock? Study the graph. Can you list the minerals from greatest hardness to least? How about least to greatest? Write three questions about the information on this graph on an index card. Trade your questions with a partner to solve. Check each other’s answers.

Rock Cycle Song (Sing to the tune of "Row, Row, Row Your Boat") SEDIMENTARY rock Has been formed in layers Often found near water sources With fossils from decayers Then there's IGNEOUS rock Here since Earth was born Molten Lava, cooled and hardened That's how it is formed These two types of rocks Can also be transformed With pressure, heat and chemicals METAMORPHIC they'll become. ( Don't forget to sing this as a "Round"; after all, it is the Rock "Cycle"! )

Lights, Camera, Action Active Volcanoes Japan Volcano Mexico’s Volcano Fossil Diving Click on the links below to watch video clips about erupting volcanoes and fossil research.

Test Your Knowledge How well do you know your rocks? Click on “Rocky” to find out.