Genes and Variation What if so many changes, population can no longer breed with the original population? New species  Speciation DNA  mutation  Beneficial  passed on to offspring  Time  isolation (1 of the 3)  new species (can’t mate with original population) What type of Evolution is this called? Macroevolution

Modern species came from older, ancient species Darwin’s 2 nd Theory: Origin of Species Protista (bacteria) evolved into: Fungi Plants Animal P Monera Protista Animalia Plantae Fungi

Macroevolution – 6 types 1. Mass Extinctions: Mass Extinctions Wiped out whole ecosystems, disrupts energy flow, food webs collapse Think: new “niches” open, opportunity for those populations left“niches” Been 5, currently in 6 th ? 2. Adaptive Radiation: Darwin’s finches Dinosaurs vs. mammals? Evolved at about same time Why dinosaurs most common first  adaptive radiation 3. Convergent Evolution Due to adaptive radiation Must: similar ecological surroundings Sharks, dolphins, seals, penguins  streamlined bodies, similar swimming appendages

Macroevolution – 6 Types Con’t 4. Coevolution: Rough skinned Newt/Garter Snake Plants/Pollinator 5. Punctuated Equilibrium: Punctuated Equilibrium Gradualism is the reverse (slow, steady changes) Darwin Transitional fossils? Transitional fossils Following mass extinctions Isolations 6. Developmental Genes Developmental Genes Master control genes or hox genes – control growth as an embryo develops Same as insects/humans 700 millions years ago Wings/no wings/# of arms/ controlled too!

Why study Evolution Macroevolution: We are curious in nature Always asking Why? Extinctions Where going in future? Coevolution!! Microevolution: Changes in us and other populations Resistant Populations Microbes evolve faster then our technology Sick  take medicine  feel better so stop  but only killed weak  strong still in you which you pass on to someone else  they take medicine  stop Lets sketch it out!