Tackling Transport in Africa The TEST Network M. M. Jackson & Mrs. R. Mapinduzi Ardhi University (ARU) Tanzania Transport and Environment Research Capacity and Needs in Tanzania October 2010, Nairobi, Kenya

a) To establish research capacity of governmental, public and private stakeholders with respect to traffic flow management, air pollution (including GHG and noise) and road safety in Tanzania. b) Make assessment of research activities, actions and projects by stakeholders and generate a database of the same. c) Prepare stakeholder’s meeting to identify research needs, gaps and challenges facing the area of research on traffic congestion, air pollution (including GHG and noise) and road safety in the country. d) Identify stakeholders responsibilities and methodology to fill in gaps/ challenges Objectives

Undertaken Activities Research Capacity and Research Activities Stakeholders identification based on the three thematic areas Communication with Stakeholders through a letter, press release, and internet Interviews stakeholders Data entry and Analysis Report writing

Undertaken Activities Preparation of Stakeholders Workshop Ninety prospective stakeholders identified Forty stakeholders shortlisted for the workshop Draft Agenda for the workshop prepared

Research Capacity – Activity 1.1

Examples Font: Candara 36pt

Examples Font: Candara 36pt

General Observations Inadequate political will, Low priority in respect to funding research Implementation of research findings/ recommendation poorly done Few NGOs engaged in research in these areas ( e.g. AAT – road safety, Transport Resource Centre – traffic flow management) No identified NGO dealing with air pollution and noise pollution Research Capacity

Universities/institutes conduct Research in the following areas ; Town planning ( ARU) Traffic Flow management (NIT, UDSM, DIT, ARU) Road construction (UDSM,DIT) Poor data collection and storage Low utilization of research findings Research Capacity Traffic Congestion Challenge

Universities/institutes conduct Research in the following areas : Road Safety (NIT, DIT) Vehicle maintenance (NIT, UDSM, DIT) Road construction (UDSM,DIT) Bulky of data collected by traffic police; poorly sorted and stored, not analyzed. Lack of dedicated program/course on road safety Research Capacity Road safety Challenges

Universities/institutes/agencies conduct Research in the following areas : Air quality management (ARU. UDSM, SUA, MUHAS) Air pollution impacts corrosion, health, crops (ARU, DIT,UDSM,SUA) Atmospheric Meteorology (TMA) Traffic Flow management (NIT, UDSM,DIT, ARU) Research Capacity Air Pollution (inc. Noise & GHGs)

Inadequate and outdated sampling equipment Inadequate laboratory analysis equipment Expensive laboratory analysis Lack of continuous air quality and noise pollution monitoring systems Impacts studies are rarely done Low implementation of research findings/recommendations Challenges Air Pollution (inc. Noise & GHGs)

a)Main causes of traffic congestion in Tz: b)Inadequate road development - mismatch between an increase in motor vehicles in cities and road network expansion; c)Lack of regular road maintenance, (inadequate capital investment, poor management and a huge backlog of road infrastructure maintenance and service provision; d)Inefficient public transport services resulting in the use of personal vehicles especially in cities; e)Faulty vehicles on road & careless driving Traffic Flow Management Information and Experience

There is no government agency responsible for monitoring exhaust emissions in Tanzania. No mandatory guideline levels for emission. Vehicle inspectors (i.e. Traffic police) have limited capacity in exhaust emissions and noise. They focus on mechanical inspection only. Air Pollution (including GHG and Noise) Information and Experience

Air Pollution (including GHG and Noise) Concentration of SO 2, NO 2, Particulate Matter (PM), and particulate Lead were found to be above WHO guidelines. The concentrations were highest during peak hour. SPM concentration at different location Information and Experience (Source: Jackson, M. 2005)

Air Pollution (including GHG and Noise) NO 2 concentration at different location Information and Experience (Source : Jackson, M. 2004)

Air Pollution Vs Congestion: Correlation coefficients between SO 2, NO 2, and Particulate Matter and number of buses in bus station were 93%, 96% and 79% respectively. Information and Experience

Road Safety No. of accidents increased with increase No. of vehicles The regression coefficient, R 2 was high Information and Experience (Source: Traffic Police, 2009)

Private cars contribute more to accidents than other types of vehicles Source: Traffic Police, 2009 Road Safety

Pedestrians and passengers are the most affected groups Source: BP Tz, 2010 Road Safety Information and Experience

Transport and Environment Best Practice Best practices in traffic flow management Mandatory installation of speed governor (passenger busses) Use of three lane system during peak hours (DSM only) Control of vehicle at road junctions done by traffic instead of using traffic lights during peak hours

Transport and Environment Best Practice Best practices in air pollution (including GHG and noise) Increased tax for importation of old vehicles Mandatory importation of unleaded petrol Use of lower sulphur content diesel & development sulphur content guidelines (by TBS)

Transport and Environment Best Practice Best practices in road safety Annual road safety week (activities include; vehicles inspection for safety gears, insurance, driving licence etc) Changing of all existing drives licences (not easily forged), create electronic database of drivers in TZ