PRIMA 2014 REPRODUCTION Výukový materiál GE Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/ Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR

 the cell is in suitable environment (plenty of nutrients)  > it is growing  i.e. it is gaining in size  and it reproduces by division  it means the number of cells increases  cell division is a very complicated action  2 daughter cells arisen REPRODUCTION

 2 daughter cells are equivalent  all cell parts must be doubled before cell division REPRODUCTION

THE MOST IMPORTANT Cell wall – external covering of cells by bacteria, fungi, plants -it determines the shape, protects of external environment Cytoplasmic membrane – it makes elastic and solid covering of all cells -admitted into the cell interior as well as outside of it some substance -(it is semipermeable) Cytoplasm – internal cell environment Nucleus – controls ongoing activities in the cell - manages cell division Chloroplasts – they are only in plant cells -they contain chlorophyll and photosynthesis takes place in them Mitochondria – is used to produce energy from organic compounds by the presence of oxygen Vacuoles – they are mainly by plant cells or by bacteria Endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus – system of membrane channels, tubes and vesicles -used for production, transformation and transportation of proteins and -other substances

 the diversity of division of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells PROKARYOTIC CELL REPRODUCTION flagellum cell wall chromosome cytoplasm cell membrane vesicles with storage agents cell bacteria is an example of simply shaped cells without organelles with an unrestricted core

 the diversity of division  of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL EUKARYOTIC CELLS REPRODUCTION Chloroplasts Golgi apparatus Grains of storage substances Mitochondria Vacuoles Nucleus Cell wall Endoplasmic reticulum Membrane Nucleus Golgi apparatus Mitochondria Membrane Groove of membrane Vesicles with storage substances

 examples of  prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells EUKARYOT IC CELL PROKARYOT IC CELL EUKARYOT IC CELL REPRODUCTION 1 – BACTERIA, 2 – YEAST, 3 – RED BLOOD CELL, 4 - PROTOZOA

 bacteria reproduce fastest  they are very small  they reduplicate easily and fast all cell parts  by most convenient conditions:  from one bacterium in 20 minutes there are two bacteria REPRODUCTION

 both of them can divide in another 20 minutes  > into 4 cells  4 cells in another 20 minutes into 8 new cells  this speed is though just due to favourable conditions  bacteria do not reproduce so quickly in the nature REPRODUCTION

What kind of cell is this ? Describe the pictures. WORKSHEET

 DOBRORUKA, Luděk J. Přírodopis. 2. vyd. Praha: Scientia, 1999, 127 s. ISBN SOURCES