Unit 1 Test - Tuesday, October 7th  Safety  Weather and Climate  Measurement  Density Let’s Review Together!

How hot or cold something is or a measure of heat energy. Water that falls from the sky. When it is greater than 32°F it will rain. When it is less than 32°F it will snow, sleet, etc. Longer photoperiod = higher temperatures Short photoperiod = lower temperatures

How hot or cold something is or a measure of heat energy. When it is greater than 32°F it will rain. When it is less than 32°F it will snow, sleet, etc. The amount of daylight in a 24 hour period.

Longer photoperiod = higher temperatures Short photoperiod = lower temperatures

kilo - deci - milli - h d

K H D D C M

74mL – 50mL 24mL 2

Unit 1 Study Guide Let’s check your answers!

Part 1. Safety 1. Review your lab safety rules on the reverse of your lab safety assessment (the poster/video project.) They are also located on your teacher’s website and YOUR copy of the lab safety contract.

Weather and Climate ( Study your “Five Factors that Affect Climate”, “Globe Activity”, “What is Weather” and your Weather and Climate Quiz)

2. What are the five factors that affect climate? List them 1 to 5 and explain how each influences the climate of an area. A. latitude – as latitude increase, average annual temperature decreases B. closeness to a large body of water – water moderates the temperature, cooler summers, warmer winters C. Orographic effect – wind blows off of the ocean toward mountain; ocean side is rainy, other side is dry D. elevation – as elevation increases, average annual temperature decreases E. ocean currents – warmer current, warmer climate; colder current, cooler climate

3. What is the difference between weather and climate? Climate is the general pattern of weather that we expect in an area over a long period of time. Weather is the specific day-to-day conditions in the atmosphere. Climate is what you expect, weather is what you get. Climate tells you what clothes to buy, weather tells you what clothes to wear.

4. How does temperature affect precipitation? Be SPECIFIC.  Precipitation is affected by temperature. If the temperature is below 32˚F, the precipitation will be in the form of snow, ice, etc. If the temperature is above 32˚F, the precipitation will be in the form of rain.

Measurement (Study your “Measurement” notes, “Mini Metric Olympics” data sheet, “Metric Conversion” HW and your “Metric Practice – Group” class worksheet)

5. What do we use a triple beam balance or electronic balance to measure? Mass. (The amount of MATTER in an object.) Base unit of mass is GRAMS.

6. What tool do we use to measure length? A metric ruler, a meter stick, or a measuring tape. Base unit of length is METERS (centimeters usually.)

7. What tool do we use to measure liquid volume? A graduated cylinder. Base unit for liquid volume is LITERS (milliliters usually.) 1 mL=1cm 3

8. Circle the units that would work best for measuring each object.

9.Complete the following metric conversions:

10.What tool do we use to measure volume of regular rectangular solid? What units do we measure in? What is the formula to determine the volume? We use a centimeter/metric ruler to measure the volume of a regular rectangular solid. Base unit for volume of a solid is cm 3. We find volume of regular solids by multiplying length x width x height. We find volume of regular solids by multiplying length x width x height.

11. What is the proper procedure for using a graduated cylinder? Include ALL steps. Place the cylinder on a level surface. Get down to eye level with the liquid. Look for the curve of the liquid in the cylinder (meniscus). Read the bottom of the meniscus.

12. What is water displacement? Why is it used? Water displacement is a method to measure the volume of an irregular solid. First you put an amount of liquid in the graduated cylinder. Measure that volume. Then, drop the object in the cylinder. Measure the new volume of the liquid. The difference in the volume is equal to the amount of space the object is taking up (its volume)

13. What is the standard system of measurement called? What is its abbreviation? International System of Units. It is abbreviated SI.

Density (Study your “Density Demos” worksheet and your Phases/Changes Quiz)

14. Why do objects sink or float? (Make sure to include the word density in your answer!) Objects sink or float depending on their density. For example, if an object has a greater density than water, it will sink when placed in water. However, an object with a lower density than water, will float when placed in water.

15. What causes some objects to be more dense than others? (Think about how much stuff is in a certain volume).  When more matter (stuff) is packed into a certain space (volume), an object has a greater density. When less matter (stuff) is packed into a certain space (volume), an object has a lower density.

16.For the Super Stacker density column demo we did in class, explain how and why the substances separated into layers (make sure to include the word density in your answer). The three liquids separated into layers because they had different densities. The corn syrup had the highest density, so it sank to the bottom. The oil had the lowest density, so it floated to the top.

17. Explain the Rainbow Demo. (Why did the colors mix in one set-up and stay the same in the other?)

In the rainbow demo, the set-up on the left had cold water on the bottom and hot water on top. The molecules were already happy because the cooler, more dense molecules were on the bottom and the warmer, less dense molecules were on top. However, in the set-up on the right, the colors mixed. The warmer, less dense molecules were on the bottom and the cooler, more dense molecules were on the top. This difference in density caused the colors to mix as the less dense molecules rose and the more dense molecules sank.

18. For the hot air balloon demo, discuss: A. Where the air molecules went when heat energy was added, B. Why the particles go there, C. What the air molecules were doing before heat energy was added.

A.The addition of heat energy caused the air molecules to spread out and rise. B.These warmer air particles became less dense than the surrounding air particles and thus rose. C.The air molecules were staying the same before the addition of heat energy because they had the same density, so therefore, did not rise or sink, relative to each other.

19.How can multiple objects, which are exactly the same size and shape, have a different mass? Objects of the exact same volume (size and shape) can have a different mass because they may have different amounts of STUFF (mass) packed into their space. This makes them more or less DENSE.

20.What is the formula for calculating density? Density is calculated by mass divided by volume.

21.Calculate the density: