Section 13.1 Quantitative Expressions of Concentration Bill Vining SUNY Oneonta.

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Presentation transcript:

Section 13.1 Quantitative Expressions of Concentration Bill Vining SUNY Oneonta

Concentration Units In this section… a.Review of solubility b.Concentration units 1.molarity 2.weight percent i.ppm ii.ppb 3.molality 4.mole fraction

Classifications of Solubility Solubility = how much solute can dissolve in a solution at a given temperature Saturated solution: the solute concentration is at the solubility limit at a given temperature Unsaturated solution: the solute concentration of a solute is less than the solubility limit at a given temperature

Classifications of Solubility Supersaturated solution: the solute concentration exceeds the solubility limit at a given temperature Miscible mixture: two liquids that mix completely, forming a single phase Immiscible mixture: two liquids that do not intermix, forming two phases

Concentration units. The following examples all describe the very same solution g NaCl (0.445 mol NaCl) 100. g H 2 O (5.55 mol H 2 O) Total volume = 121 mL

Molarity: M or mol solute/L solution 26.0 g NaCl (0.445 mol NaCl) 100. g H 2 O (5.55 mol H 2 O) Total volume = 121 mL

Weight percent: % 26.0 g NaCl (0.445 mol NaCl) 100. g H 2 O (5.55 mol H 2 O) Total volume = 121 mL

Molality: m or mol solute/kg solvent 26.0 g NaCl (0.445 mol NaCl) 100. g H 2 O (5.55 mol H 2 O) Total volume = 121 mL

Mole fraction:  26.0 g NaCl (0.445 mol NaCl) 100. g H 2 O (5.55 mol H 2 O) Total volume = 121 mL

Parts per Million and Parts per Billion: Used for dilute solutions

22 mL of a 5% solution of NaOCl is added to a washing machine that contains 8.6 gal water (= 32.7 L). What is the concentration NaOCl in ppm and ppb? Assume solution densities = 1 g/mL.