Unit 1 A Water

Image Courtesy of: timhinds.com Water: Who Wants Some?!?!

Introduction to H 2 O Trivia Trivia –It takes x 10 4 gallons of water to make a new car. –Seventy-five percent of the human brain is water. –One gallon of gasoline can contaminate approximately 750,000 gallons of water.

Introduction (Cont.) On the average, each American uses about 160 gallons of water a day at a cost of 27 cents. On the average, each American uses about 160 gallons of water a day at a cost of 27 cents. Bottled water may cost up to 1000 times more than municipal may not be as safe. Bottled water may cost up to 1000 times more than municipal may not be as safe. An acre of corn contributes more to humidity than a lake of the same size. An acre of corn contributes more to humidity than a lake of the same size. The United States consumes water at twice the rate of other industrialized nations. The United States consumes water at twice the rate of other industrialized nations.

Why is Water Special?? Physical Properties: Physical Properties: –Exists in all 3 states naturally –It is less dense as a solid than liquid (ice floats) –It absorbs lots of heat (use as coolant and weather effect)

Images courtesy of: Why is Water Special?? Chemical Properties: Chemical Properties: –Polar (makes great solvent) High surface tension High boiling point –Natural pH of 7

Foul Water Activity (A.2) Why is it important to have clean water? Why is it important to have clean water? –Katrina Water Issues Katrina Water IssuesKatrina Water Issues

Foul Water Activity (A.2) Procedure is on pg.7 of your book. Procedure is on pg.7 of your book. Objectives Objectives –Know: what each of the 3 separation methods are supposed to remove from water what types of things ARE NOT removed via the separation methods we used how DISTILLATION works, and what it removes from water

Water Diary (A.3) We are going to construct a water diary over the next few days in order to determine how much water you use per day! We are going to construct a water diary over the next few days in order to determine how much water you use per day!

Data Table Example page 11 of Text Usage Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 # of Persons in family Number of baths Number of washing machine loads: LowHigh

Water and Health (A.4) All living organisms need water in order to survive. All living organisms need water in order to survive. –Humans can survive roughly DAYS without food, but only 5-10 days without water –On average, humans drink about 2L of water per day

Don’t Drink The Water!!! Early peoples drank from rivers and streams. Early peoples drank from rivers and streams. –As pop. Increased so did pollution –Wastes from farms, industries, and other sources contaminate water sources

Water….What is it Good For? Each day 4.0 x gallons of water falls to the Earth as rain or snow, humans use 10%. Each day 4.0 x gallons of water falls to the Earth as rain or snow, humans use 10%. Where does it go???? Where does it go????

Usage Across US (East Side Vs West Side) East Side! East Side! –88% of water returned to natural water ways –Most usage in manufacturing and homes/offices

REGIONAL WATER USE

East Side Vs. West Side (Cont) West Side!! West Side!! –Only 48% of water returned to waterways –Most water is used for irrigation (90%) –High evaporation rates (deserts)

Mississippi River Delta

The Untamed Colorado

What’s the Difference? Eastern half gets more rain Eastern half gets more rain Has more natural water supplies Has more natural water supplies Wind Factors Wind Factors

How much water do we use?? Direct: Measured use Direct: Measured use –About 1360 L/Day (360 Gallons) per family of four Indirect: Used in production Indirect: Used in production –Example: Water consumed by cows that make up that “Tasty Burger” from the “Hawaiian Burger Joint”

Which is more water use?!?! Drinking One bottle of “Fiji” water or a bottle of “Naked Fruit Juice”? Drinking One bottle of “Fiji” water or a bottle of “Naked Fruit Juice”? –Why?

Back Through The Pipes (A.6) Surface Water Surface Water –Rivers, lakes, etc Ground Water Ground Water –Wells Aquifers Aquifers –Rock layers that hold water underground –Springs, etc –Most abundant source

What’s in it?!?! No Natural water is pure No Natural water is pure –It conducts electricity, remember? –Dissolves soil and rock Iron, calcium, potassium, carbonates, silicates, etc Iron, calcium, potassium, carbonates, silicates, etc

What’s the difference?

Where did Water first come from? Volcanoes Volcanoes Comets Comets Condensation of Atmospheric water Condensation of Atmospheric water

WATER RESERVES

Phases Of Water Solid Solid –Lowest Kinetic Energy –Crystalline Structure Liquid Liquid –Loose Structure –Higher Kinetic Energy Gas Gas –No Structure –Highest Kinetic Energy

A.4: Water and Health How many days can you live without food? How many days can you live without food? –50-60 days How many days can you live without water? How many days can you live without water? –5-10 days How many liters of water do you need on a daily basis? How many liters of water do you need on a daily basis? –2L (can be from other water-containing sources)

Did you say poop? Back in the day, you could drink from the river. Can you now? Why? Back in the day, you could drink from the river. Can you now? Why? –Uhhh, No. Due to man-made and natural pollution If you had a choice, would you drink from a lake, river, stream, rainwater, or groundwater from a well? If you had a choice, would you drink from a lake, river, stream, rainwater, or groundwater from a well? –Groundwater is the most pure, due to MaMa nature’s cleaning process What types of things are associated with “dirty water”? What types of things are associated with “dirty water”? –Bacteria (E. coli), –Man-made pollution (carcinogens, heavy metals) –Solid particulate (trash, poop etc.)

H 2 0, Hold the poop! What do we do to our water before we drink it? What do we do to our water before we drink it? –Purify! Municipal water: filter, chlorinate, fluorinate Well water: ??

A.5: Water Uses How much water does an average family use per day? A family of 4 uses 1300L (650 2L bottles) of measurable water/day Direct water use – what you use for cooking, drinking, watering lawns etc. directly Indirect water use – water used in the production of consumer goods in order to get end product to consumer. Suggest direct and indirect water uses that explain why it takes 120L of water to produce a 1.3L can of orange juice???

A.5: Water Uses Remember the WATER CYCLE? Evaporation – going from liquid to gas phase Condensation – going back from gas to liquid phase Hey, isn’t this the same thing as distillation ?

A.6: Back Through the Pipes Where does the water from your pipes come from originally? For us – an aquifer Know: surface water, ground water, aquifers Aquifer: underground natural rock storage of water What is the difference between municipal water supplies and well water? Municipal – comes from aquifer, is filtered, and generally chlorinated and fluorinated Well – is not added to, may have high levels of dissolved minerals like S, Fe, Mg, Ca etc.

The HYDROLOGIC CYCLE differs from the WATER CYCLE in that it takes into account water seeping into the ground.The HYDROLOGIC CYCLE differs from the WATER CYCLE in that it takes into account water seeping into the ground. A.6: Back Through the Pipes

A.7: Where is Earth’s Water?

SOLIDS: Highly organized Tightly packed particles Do NOT take on shape of container Particles don’t move around much (it’s a slow dance) Least Kinetic energy Physical States of Water

LIQUIDS: Less organized Less tightly packed particles Take on the shape of container Particles can move about (it’s a line dance… Hey Macarena) Middle of the road Kinetic energy

GASES: Least organized NOT tightly packed particles Take on shape of container Particles move relatively independently of one another (it’s a Rave) Greatest Kinetic energy