Male Reproductive System

Organs of Male Reproduction Gonads (Testes) produce gametes (sperm) secrete the sex steroid hormones

Organs of Male Reproduction Ducts (reproductive tract) Store Sperm Transport sperm

Organs of Male Reproduction Accessory Organs Secrete substances that support sperm

Organs of Male Reproduction External genitalia Penis scrotum

Testes Located in the scrotum Cremaster and dartos muscles help to regulate temperature

Testes Within the testes: seminiferous tubules developing sperm

Testes Within the testes: seminiferous tubules developing sperm

Testes Within the testes: seminiferous tubules developing sperm

Testes Within the testes: seminiferous tubules developing sperm sustentacular cells

Testes Within the testes: seminiferous tubules developing sperm sustentacular cells

Testes Within the testes: seminiferous tubules developing sperm sustentacular cells interstitial cells

Spermatogenesis

Spermiogenesis

Spermatogenesis

The testes descend from the abdomen during fetal development

Ducts

Ducts Epididymis

Ducts Epididymis

Ducts Epididymis Vas deferens

Ducts Epididymis Vas deferens

Ducts Epididymis Vas deferens Ejaculatory duct

Ducts Epididymis Vas deferens Ejaculatory duct

Ducts Epididymis Vas deferens Ejaculatory duct Urethra

Accessory Glands Seminal vesicles Prostate gland Bulbourethral glands

Semen

Semen sperm plus seminal fluid

Semen sperm plus seminal fluid 20-150 million sperm/ml

Semen sperm plus seminal fluid 20-150 million sperm/ml includes prostaglandins,

Semen sperm plus seminal fluid 20-150 million sperm/ml includes prostaglandins, bicarbonate,

Semen sperm plus seminal fluid 20-150 million sperm/ml includes prostaglandins, bicarbonate, fructose,

Semen sperm plus seminal fluid 20-150 million sperm/ml includes prostaglandins, bicarbonate, fructose, antibiotics,

Semen sperm plus seminal fluid 20-150 million sperm/ml includes prostaglandins, bicarbonate, fructose, antibiotics, & enzymes that activate sperm

Penis root & body glans & prepuce

Penis erectile bodies corpus spongiosum coropora cavernosa

Penis erectile bodies corpus spongiosum corpora cavernosa

Penis erections under the control of parasympathetic stimulation ejaculation: sympathetic

Spermatic cord

Hormone Control of Male Reproduction Gonadotropin releasing hormone FSH & LH (ICSH) Sperm production Testosterone release

Other Functions of Testosterone development, growth, & maintenance of male sex organs bone and muscle growth 2o sex characteristics aggression? libido

Female Reproductive System

Organs of Female Reproduction Gonads (Ovaries)

Organs of Female Reproduction Reproductive tract uterine tubes uterus vagina

Organs of Female Reproduction External Genitalia

Ovaries Held in place by ligaments ovarian ligaments suspensory ligaments

Ovaries Produce gametes (ova) Secrete the sex steroid hormones

Ovaries Contain thousands of follicles Each follicle contains one ovum

Ovaries each month one follicle matures at ovulation: a mature follicle releases an ovum

Ovaries hormones secreted include estrogens progestins (progesterone)

Uterine Tubes Smooth muscle tubes Lined with ciliated columnar epithelium

Uterine Tubes Features: infundibulum frimbriae ampulla

Uterine Tubes Site of fertilization Pathway to uterus

Uterus “Womb” Held in place by ligaments broad ligament round ligament uterosacral ligament

Uterus Site of embryo implantation embryo and fetal development labor

Uterus Anatomical regions fundus body cervix

Uterus Uterine wall consists of three layers endometrium myometrium perimetrium

Uterus Endometrium divided into functional zone basilar zone

Vagina muscular tube between urinary bladder and rectum

Vagina pathway for sperm pathway for menstrual flow birth canal vaginal opening may be partially covered by the hymen

Vagina lined with stratified squamous epithelium

External genitalia: vulva labia minora vestibule labia majora mons pubis clitoris

Accessory Structures Paraurethral glands Vestibular glands

Accessory Structures Vestibular Bulb

Mammary Glands 10-15 lobes each lobe consisting of numerous lobules

Mammary Glands Mammary ducts drain each lobe Near nipple, the ducts expand into sinuses Lactiferous ducts drain sinuses to outside

Mammary Glands Ducts and lobules associated with myoepithelial cells

The breast is supported by numerous suspensory ligaments

Ovarian cycle 1st two weeks: pre-ovulatory phase: Follicle maturation

Ovarian cycle On day 14 of a 28 day cycle: ovulation

Ovarian cycle Last two weeks: corpus luteum development

Uterine cycle 1st 3-7 days: menses loss of functional zone layer of endometrium

Uterine cycle 2nd week: proliferative phase restoration of endometrial functional zone layer

Uterine cycle 3rd and 4th weeks: secretory phase active endometrial glands

Hormonal Control of Female Reproduction GnRH follicle and ovum development corpus luteum development FSH & LH ovulation estrogens & progestin secretion from corpus luteum estrogen secretion from follicles

FSH & LH follicle and ovum development corpus luteum development estrogens & progestin secretion from corpus luteum estrogen secretion from follicles ovulation E stimulates regrowth of endometrium E & P stimulate endometrial gland secretion

If (after two weeks) no pregnancy: corpus luteum shuts down. E & P secretion stops endometrium loses hormonal support menses begins

If a successful fertilization occurs: corpus luteum does not shut down. E & P secretion continues endometrium is maintained pregnancy continues

Why doesn’t the corpus luteum shut down if an early embryo is present?

Other Functions of Estrogen development, growth, & maintenance of female sex organs bone and muscle growth 2o sex characteristics libido

General Function of Progestins preparation of the body for pregnancy

Thank you ulnar nerve.