KVI – Groningen Fundamental Interactions Klaus Jungmann RECFA Meeting, Amsterdam, 23 September 2005 AGOR

KVI – Groningen Fundamental Interactions Klaus Jungmann RECFA Meeting, Amsterdam, 23 September 2005 AGOR  8 MЄ annual running budget 22 scientists ~20 students ~ 100 people total

KVI – Groningen Fundamental Interactions Klaus Jungmann RECFA Meeting, Amsterdam, 23 September 2005 AGOR Science Education: International Research School FANTOM (NL,F,B,D,S) study weeks e.g. on Neutrinos in Physics and Cosmology

KVI – Groningen Fundamental Interactions Klaus Jungmann RECFA Meeting, Amsterdam, 23 September 2005 AGOR Scientific Programs AGOR AGOR  R  P  R  P Interacting Hadrons Interacting Hadrons Nuclear Structure and its Nuclear Structure and its Implications for Implications for Astrophysics Astrophysics Atomic Physics Nuclear Geophysics Scientific Programs AGOR AGOR  R  P  R  P Scientific Programs AGOR AGOR  irradiation  R  P  R  P KVI Partnership Program Scientific Programs AGOR AGOR  R  P  R  P Astroparticle Physics Astroparticle Physics Scientific Programs AGOR AGOR  R  P  R  P Astroparticle Physics Astroparticle Physics Collaboration with GSI Collaboration with GSI Accelerator Physics Accelerator Physics Atomic Physics Atomic Physics Nuclear Structure Nuclear Structure Nuclear Astrophys. Nuclear Astrophys. PANDA PANDA Up to recentlty:Continued FundingFuture:

KVI – Groningen Fundamental Interactions Klaus Jungmann RECFA Meeting,Amsterdam, 23 September 2005 AGOR TRI  P Trapped Trapped Radioactive Radioactive Isotopes: Isotopes:  icrolaboratories for  fundamental Physivs Physivs  Users Facility  Users Facility Scientific FOCUS on: Scientific FOCUS on: Fundamental Symmetries and Interactions Interactions CP / T - violation   -decays  EDM searches

TRI  P T R I  P TRI  P T rapped R adioactive I sotopes:  icrolaboratories for Fundamental P hysics Theory Nuclear Physics Experiment Nuclear Physics Atomic Physicsfunding: people (scientists) : people (scientists) : G. Berg, U. Dammalapati, S. De, S. Dean, P. Dendooven, O. Dermois, M.N. Harakeh, R. Hoekstra, K. Jungmann, A. Mol, R. Morgenstern,C.J.G. Onderwater, A. Rogachevskiy, O.Scholten, M. Sohani, R. Timmermans, E. Traykov, L. Willmann, H.W. Wilschut + many more colleagues providing support project  program 2001   2013

Fundamental Interactions – Standard Model

Physics outside Standard Model Searches for New Physics Physics within the Standard Model

Some Questions related to TRI  P Physics Origin of Parity Violation in Weak Interactions Origin of Parity Violation in Weak Interactions (nature prefers lefthandedness) (nature prefers lefthandedness)  details of  -decays  details of  -decays Na, Ne, Ca isotopes Na, Ne, Ca isotopes Dominance of Matter over Antimatter in Universe ? Dominance of Matter over Antimatter in Universe ? CP - Violation, Time Reversal Symmetry, Parity Violation CP - Violation, Time Reversal Symmetry, Parity Violation  permanent Electric Dipole Moments ?  permanent Electric Dipole Moments ? Ra isotopes Ra isotopes Deuterons Deuterons

TRI  P Possibilities to Test New Models  High Energies & Direct Observations Low Energies & Precision Measurement

New Interactions in Nuclear  -Decay In Standard Model: Weak Interaction is V-A In general  -decay could be also S, P, T Vector [Tensor] ++ e [ ] Scalar [Axial vector] ++ e [ ] TRI  P TRV R and D test both Time Reversal Violation D D  most potential R R  scalar and tensor (EDM, a) technique D measurements yield a, A, b, B

New Interactions in Nuclear  -Decay In Standard Model: Weak Interaction is V-A In general  -decay could be also S, P, T TRI  P 21 Na (Berkeley) Scielzo,Freedman, Fujikawa, Vetter PRL 93, (2004) a exp = (91) a theor = 0.558(6) 38m K (TRIUMF) A. Gorelov et al. PRL 94, (2005) a exp = (30)(37) a theor = 1 }  -branching?

TRI  P Radium Permanent Electric Dipole Moment EDMs violate - Parity - Time Reversal -CP Symmetry Advantage over “best“ atom so far ( 199 Hg) - close states of opposite parity  several enhancement possible  several enhancement possible - some nuclei strongly deformed  may give nuclear enhancement  may give nuclear enhancement 6

Some EDM Experiments compared 1.6  Start TRI  P 199 Hg Radium potential d e (SM) < molecules: New 2004 from muon g-2: d (muon) < 2.8  after E.Hinds

TRI  P Possible Sources of EDMs

Ion Catcher RFQ Cooler MOT Beyond the Standard Model TeV Physics Nuclear Physics Atomic Physics Particle Physics Production Target Magnetic Separator MeV meV keV eV neV AGOR cyclotron AGOR cyclotronIon catcher (thermal ioniser or gas-cell) Low energy beam line RFQ cooler/buncher MOT D D D D Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Magnetic separator Production target TRI  P Facility

Degrader selection Focal plane dE detector: dE-TOF 21 Na 80 kcps / 25pnA 21 Ne L. Achouri et al.

separator laser lab Theory Nuclear Physics Experiment Nuclear Physics Atomic Physics TRI  P

Key Issues and Experiments TRI  P TRI  P will be a user facility TRI  P will be a user facility  open to outside users (first users from France already in 2004!)  open to outside users (first users from France already in 2004!) KVI will concentrate first on KVI will concentrate first on  CP/ T violation – electroweak tests  CP/ T violation – electroweak tests *  - decay ( 20,21 Na, 19 Ne, 39 Ca) *  - decay ( 20,21 Na, 19 Ne, 39 Ca) * electric dipole moments (Ra, d ) * electric dipole moments (Ra, d )  applications  applications * ALCATRAZ (rare Ca isotope detection) * ALCATRAZ (rare Ca isotope detection)

TRI  P 41 Ca The ALCATRAZ Experiment a precursor for TRI  P (R. Hoekstra, R. Morgenstern et al.)  Early Spin Off sensititivity reached  working towards

Key Issues and Experiments TRI  P TRI  P will be a user facility TRI  P will be a user facility  open to outside users (first users from France already in 2004!)  open to outside users (first users from France already in 2004!) KVI will concentrate first on KVI will concentrate first on  CP/ T violation – electroweak tests  CP/ T violation – electroweak tests *  - decay ( 20,21 Na, 19 Ne, 39 Ca) *  - decay ( 20,21 Na, 19 Ne, 39 Ca) * electric dipole moments (Ra, d ) * electric dipole moments (Ra, d )  applications  applications * ALCATRAZ (rare Ca isotope detection) * ALCATRAZ (rare Ca isotope detection) OUTSIDE USERS OUTSIDE USERS * 21 Na branching ratio (France)  completed * 19 Ne lifetime (USA)  completed * 19 Ne lifetime (USA)  completed * d-EDM ring experiment  on its way * d-EDM ring experiment  on its way (USA, Russia, Italy, Germany …) * 12 N, 12 B  -decays into 3  (Scandinavia)  LOI * single ion parity experiments (USA)  discussed …

AGOR is Indispensable for TRI  P at KVI  Precison experiments require time to develop: AGOR & KVI ideal time to develop: AGOR & KVI ideal ( compare CERN ( compare CERN or CERN ) or CERN )  Various upgrades and adaptations New Beams New Beams e.g. 208 Pb e.g. 208 Pb new sources (metals) new sources (metals) improved transmission improved transmission ….. ….. High Power ( 100W…1 kW) High Power ( 100W…1 kW) new extraction new extraction beam stops beam stops beam monitoring beam monitoring ….. …..  S. Brandenburg &Co  S. Brandenburg &Co TRI  P

muon g-2 Spin precession in (electro-) magnetic field charged particle EDM Spin precession in (electro-) magnetic field (g-2)  : Result after a long series of precision measurements and theory effort including KLOE- Measurement    ∙ 10  10 (g-2)  achallenge for theory (g-2)  a challenge for theory

muon g-2 Spin precession in (electro-) magnetic field charged particle EDM Spin precession in (electro-) magnetic field d d d

Searches for s in charged particles: Searches for EDMs in charged particles: Novel Method invented Motional Electric Fields exploited International Collaboration (USA, Russia, Japan, Italy, Germany, NL, …) 3 possible sites discussed: BNL, KVI, Frascati Limit d D < … e cm Can be >10 times more sensitive than neutron d n  G. Onderwater et al. R 0  1..2 m

TRI  P Goals of TRI  Goals of TRI  Study fundamental interactions using stored (radioactive) Study fundamental interactions using stored (radioactive) isotopes isotopes A facility is created for KVI scientists and outside users A facility is created for KVI scientists and outside users (the first groups are already active, proposals P01,P02,P03,P04 ) (the first groups are already active, proposals P01,P02,P03,P04 ) General Time Lines General Time Lines Project started 2001; setup facility until end 2005 Project started 2001; setup facility until end 2005 TRI  P became a managed program in July 2001 TRI  P became a managed program in July 2001 Exploitation of facility until 2013 (also in new FOM strategic plan from 2004) Exploitation of facility until 2013 (also in new FOM strategic plan from 2004) Facility Setup is more or less on Schedule

Opportunities for low energy Fundamental Symmetries and Interaction research Fundamental Symmetries and Interaction research TRI  P Facility ready for first users TRI  P Facility ready for first users

Thank YOU !

 mirror image time   time matter anti-matter anti-particle particle e + e - PCT from H.W. Wilschut

Generic EDM Experiment PolarizationSpin Rotation Determination of Ensemble Spin average Preparation of J state “pure“ J stateInteraction with E - field Analysis ofstate Example: d= e cm, E=100 kV/cm, J=1/2  e  15.2 mHz Electric Dipole Moment: d =   x c -1 J Spin precession :  e  h  J  d  J   contains all physics – “e cm” values by themselves not very helpful   x = eħ/2m x