The Biosphere – Chapter 3 How are nutrients important in living systems. Explain how matter moves among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem. 2. Explain how energy flows through living systems and how efficient is the transfer of energy among organisms. 3. Explain the different levels of organization ecologists study Period 1: Period 7 Quiz: Thur Oct 2nd Quiz: Mon Oct 6th Lab: Thur Oct 2nd (Book Pg 81) Lab: Mon Oct 6th (Book Pg 81) Test: Mon Oct 6th Test: Wed Oct 8th Period 4 Quiz: Fri Oct 3rd Lab: Fri Oct 3rd (Book Pg 81) Test: Tues Oct 7th

What is Ecology? The interactions of organisms with one another and with their physical surroundings

That part of the Earth in which life exists Biosphere That part of the Earth in which life exists

Levels of organization Species: group of organisms that Breed and produce fertile offspring

Populations Key: Group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area.

Organisms living together in an ecosystem Community Organisms living together in an ecosystem

Ecosystem Physical features Abiotic factors = physical features water sunlight, soil type rocks, temp. Biotic Factors = living organisms shark, fish, coral, tube worms, arthropods

Biome Key: Group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities.

Tundra Locations: Northern North America, Asia and Europe Characteristics: Treeless biome Covered in mosses, lichens and grasses Animals migrate in summer to feed on plants Carnivores follow the food migrating Permafrost = Permanently frozen subsoil

Ecological Methods Keys: - Observing * Collecting data to make an educated guess (hypothesis) - Experimenting * testing changes in natural ecosystems - Modeling * models help predict what could happen ecologically over a long period of time. (Global Warming)

Energy Flow Keys: Main source of energy? The Sun Autotrophs Energy from the environment to fuel the production of simple into complex organic compounds Producers? Make their own food

Energy From the Sun Keys: Photosynthesis Use solar energy to convert CO2 and H2O into O2 and C6H1206

Life Without Light Keys: Chemosynthesis Use chemical energy to convert CO2 and H2O into chemical compound and C6H1206 Life Without Light

Consumers Keys: Acquire energy from other organisms Heterotrophs Five types: Herbivores: Cows / Deer Plant eaters Carnivores: Snakes / owls Animal eaters Omnivores: Bears / crows Best of Both worlds Detritivores: Mites / earthworms Plant and animal remains Decomposers: Bacteria / fungi Break down organic Matter

Food Chain Keys: Transfer of energy by eating and being eaten

The Food Web Keys: Feeding Relationships among organisms

Trophic Levels Keys: Each step of the food chain or food Web. Each consumer depends on the trophic level below for energy.

Ecological Pyramids Keys: Diagram in your notes the following Ecological Pyramids. Three Types Energy Pyramid Biomass Pyramid Pyramid of Numbers Be able to define each pyramid Relate the pyramids to the different trophic levels.

Nutrient Cycles Keys: NUTRIENTS Substances organisms need to sustain life. Build tissues and carry our life functions Biogeochemical cycles Passed between organisms and the environment

Class Assignment Keys: Finished by the end of Class. Assignment: Worth 10 Points in HW category. Each notebook will be check before you leave. Assignment: Develop a flow chart that traces the: Carbon Cycle Nitrogen Cycle Water Cycle

Flow chart Example