The Gospels TentMakers NTS Survey April 2010

Why Four Gospels?

Luke: Man Wisdom Character John: Eagle Deity Eternity Luke: Ox Suffering Servant Service Power Matthew: Lion Messiah King Authority Strength

TopicMatthewMarkLukeJohn Date PlaceSyriaRome Rome/Gree ce Ephesus Audience Jewish Mind Roman Mind Hellenistic Jewish Mind Universal Traditional Portrait LionBullManEagle Uniqueness42%7%59%92% Key Words“fulfilled” “immediately ” “Son of Man” “believe” The Gospels Compared and Contrasted

Synoptic Gospels 97% of Mark is repeated in Matthew and Luke Matthew and Luke gain over 40% of their content from Mark Matthew and Luke also share about 25% of their content - perhaps from a common source

Two Source Hypothesis 97% of Mark is repeated in Matthew and Luke Matthew and Luke gain over 40% of their content from Mark Matthew and Luke also share about 25% of their content - perhaps from a common source MarkMarkQQ Matthew Luke

Matthean Primacy Early Church Witness Papias Ignatius Irenaeus (link to Polycarp) MarkMark LukeLuke Matthe w JohnJohn

JohnJohn

Gospel of Matthew

“This is Jesus the King of the Jews” 27:37 Authorship Genealogy to David and Abraham OT Link with 5 Teaching Blocks 5:3-7:27, 10:5-42, 13:13-52, 18:3-35, 24:4-25:46 Eschatology in parables and 24-25, 28:20 Kingdom of Heaven Authority over Israel’s most prized institutions: Law, Sabbath, Prophets, Temple, and Kingship Only Gospel that mentions “Church” 16:18 and 18:11 Still concerned for Gentiles 8:11-12, 15:24, 21:43, 28:19 despite Jewish emphasis Overview of Matthew

Gospel of Mark

“For the Son of Man did not come to be served but to serve and to give his life as a ransom for many.” 10:45 Authorship (with Peter) Interesting Omissions Rapid succession of events “Immediately” 41x Pattern of discipleship Stresses secrecy imposed by Jesus 1:25, 34, 44; 3:12; 5:43; 7:36; 8:26, 30; 9:9 Repeatedly notes the presence of the masses with removal from crowds for discipleship on last week of life Emotions of Jesus noted High Christology Overview of MARK

Gospel of Luke

“For the Son of Man came to seek and save that which was lost” 19:10 Authorship Genealogy to David and Abraham Emphasis on ministry of the Holy Spirit 1:15, 35; 3:22; 4:1, 18; 10:21 Only tie to secular history 2:1-2, 3:1 Jewish emphasis often overlooked 1:8, 21-22; 2:27,37, 41-51; 24:53) Over twenty references to angels, highlighting the deity of the Son of man Emphasis on redemption with extensive reference to Isaiah 53 and Special “travelogue” section of progression to Jerusalem 9:51- 19:27 Overview of LUKE

Gospel of John

“This is Jesus the King of the Jews” 27:37 Authorship 20:30-31 Elephant’s swimming pool Personal interviews 7 Key Signs or Miracles Father Son relationship Holy Spirit discourses Prologue is unique with focus on “logos” 92% unique, philosophical/theological Geographical difference with focus on Judea Three or four passovers gives a ministry of about 3 and 1/2 years Overview of John