CRITICAL PATHWAY ANALYSIS FOR RADIOLOGICAL IMPACT CONTROL AND ASSESSMENT Riaz Akber
Source Receptor SOURCE – RECEPTOR RELATIONSHIP IN NORM IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Source Receptor Radiation Radioactivity SOURCE – RECEPTOR RELATIONSHIP IN NORM IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Source Receptor Radiation Radioactivity Environment SOURCE – RECEPTOR RELATIONSHIP IN NORM IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Source Receptor Radiation Radioactivity Environment Human SOURCE – RECEPTOR RELATIONSHIP IN NORM IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Source Receptor Radiation Radioactivity Environment Human PublicProfessional SOURCE – RECEPTOR RELATIONSHIP IN NORM IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Source Receptor Radiation Radioactivity Environment Human PublicProfessional On siteOff site SOURCE – RECEPTOR RELATIONSHIP IN NORM IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Source Receptor Radiation Radioactivity Environment Human PublicProfessional Critical group On siteOff site SOURCE – RECEPTOR RELATIONSHIP IN NORM IMPACT ASSESSMENT Working in Shifts, Adults
Time IMPACT TIME SERIES OF A PRACTICE INVOLVING NORM
Time Pre - Operation Operation Rehabilitation Post Rehabilitation
Time Pre - Operation Operation Rehabilitation Post Rehabilitation Impact IMPACT TIME SERIES OF A PRACTICE INVOLVING NORM
Time Pre - Operation Operation Rehabilitation Post Rehabilitation Impact IMPACT TIME SERIES OF A PRACTICE INVOLVING NORM
Time Pre - Operation Operation Rehabilitation Post Rehabilitation Impact Limit IMPACT TIME SERIES OF A PRACTICE INVOLVING NORM
Time Pre - Operation Operation Rehabilitation Post Rehabilitation Impact Limit IMPACT TIME SERIES OF A PRACTICE INVOLVING NORM
Time Pre - Operation Operation Rehabilitation Post Rehabilitation Impact Limit IMPACT TIME SERIES OF A PRACTICE INVOLVING NORM
Time Pre - Operation Operation Rehabilitation Post Rehabilitation Impact Break through Limit IMPACT TIME SERIES OF A PRACTICE INVOLVING NORM
Time Pre - Operation Operation Rehabilitation Post Rehabilitation Impact Break through Slow Release Limit IMPACT TIME SERIES OF A PRACTICE INVOLVING NORM
Time Pre - Operation Operation Rehabilitation Post Rehabilitation Impact Break through Slow Release Limit IMPACT TIME SERIES OF A PRACTICE INVOLVING NORM Recovery
IMPACT TIME SERIES PLEASE CONSIDER …. Time Operation Rehabilitation Post Rehabilitation Pre - Operation
IMPACT TIME SERIES PLEASE CONSIDER …. Time Pre - Operation Operation Rehabilitation Post Rehabilitation A different land use exists – ask locals
Time Pre - Operation Operation Rehabilitation Post Rehabilitation A different land use exists – ask locals Establish a base-line value for NORM and NORM impact IMPACT TIME SERIES PLEASE CONSIDER ….
Time Pre - Operation Operation Rehabilitation Post Rehabilitation A different land use exists – ask locals Establish a base-line value for NORM and NORM impact Include NORM management in consultative process such as EIS. IMPACT TIME SERIES PLEASE CONSIDER ….
Time Pre - Operation Operation Rehabilitation Post Rehabilitation A different land use exists – ask locals Establish a base-line value for NORM and NORM impact Include NORM management in consultative process such as EIS. On-site access can be regulated IMPACT TIME SERIES PLEASE CONSIDER ….
Time Pre - Operation Operation Rehabilitation Post Rehabilitation A different land use exists – ask locals Establish a base-line value for NORM and NORM impact Include NORM management in consultative process such as EIS. On-site access can be regulated PPT, Training Spillage & contamination controls Monitoring regimes IMPACT TIME SERIES PLEASE CONSIDER ….
Time Pre - Operation Operation Rehabilitation Post Rehabilitation A different land use exists – ask locals Establish a base-line value for NORM and NORM impact Include NORM management in consultative process such as EIS. On-site access can be regulated PPT, Training Spillage & contamination controls Monitoring regimes NORM budget – input, output, waste IMPACT TIME SERIES PLEASE CONSIDER ….
Time Pre - Operation Operation Rehabilitation Post Rehabilitation A different land use exists – ask locals Establish a base-line value for NORM and NORM impact Include NORM management in consultative process such as EIS. On-site access can be regulated PPT, Training Spillage & contamination controls Monitoring regimes NORM budget – input, output, waste Assess off-site impact of NORM IMPACT TIME SERIES PLEASE CONSIDER ….
Time Pre - Operation Operation Rehabilitation Post Rehabilitation A different land use exists – ask locals Establish a base-line value for NORM and NORM impact Include NORM management in consultative process such as EIS. On-site access can be regulated PPT, Training Spillage & contamination controls Monitoring regimes NORM budget – input, output, waste Assess off-site impact of NORM Include NORM in planning – operational plans, rehabilitation plans, walk-away plans IMPACT TIME SERIES PLEASE CONSIDER ….
Time Pre - Operation Operation Rehabilitation Post Rehabilitation A different land use exists – ask locals Establish a base-line value for NORM and NORM impact Include NORM management in consultative process such as EIS. On-site access can be regulated PPT, Training Spillage & contamination controls Monitoring regimes NORM budget – input, output, waste Assess off-site impact of NORM Include NORM in planning – operational plans, rehabilitation plans, walk-away plans Research your options IMPACT TIME SERIES PLEASE CONSIDER ….
Time Pre - Operation Operation Rehabilitation Post Rehabilitation A different land use exists – ask locals Establish a base-line value for NORM and NORM impact Include NORM management in consultative process such as EIS. Decisions to be made, actions and to be taken during operational phase On-site access can be regulated PPT, Training Spillage & contamination controls Monitoring regimes NORM budget – input, output, waste Assess off-site impact of NORM Include NORM in planning – operational plans, rehabilitation plans, walk-away plans Research your options
Time Pre - Operation Operation Rehabilitation Post Rehabilitation A different land use exists – ask locals Establish a base-line value for NORM and NORM impact Include NORM management in consultative process such as EIS. Decisions to be made, actions and to be taken during operational phase Include NORM in consultative process for post rehabilitation land use On-site access can be regulated PPT, Training Spillage & contamination controls Monitoring regimes NORM budget – input, output, waste Assess off-site impact of NORM Include NORM in planning – operational plans, rehabilitation plans, walk-away plans Research your options
Time Pre - Operation Operation Rehabilitation Post Rehabilitation A different land use exists – ask locals Establish a base-line value for NORM and NORM impact Include NORM management in consultative process such as EIS. Decisions to be made, actions and to be taken during operational phase Include NORM in consultative process for post rehabilitation land use Research your options – consider scenarios On-site access can be regulated PPT, Training Spillage & contamination controls Monitoring regimes NORM budget – input, output, waste Assess off-site impact of NORM Include NORM in planning – operational plans, rehabilitation plans, walk-away plans Research your options
Time Pre - Operation Operation Rehabilitation Post Rehabilitation A different land use exists – ask locals Establish a base-line value for NORM and NORM impact Include NORM management in consultative process such as EIS. Decisions to be made, actions and to be taken during operational phase Include NORM in consultative process for post rehabilitation land use Research your options – consider scenarios Develop an action plan for post-rehabilitation site maintenance On-site access can be regulated PPT, Training Spillage & contamination controls Monitoring regimes NORM budget – input, output, waste Assess off-site impact of NORM Include NORM in planning – operational plans, rehabilitation plans, walk-away plans Research your options
Time Pre - Operation Operation Rehabilitation Post Rehabilitation A different land use exists – ask locals Establish a base-line value for NORM and NORM impact Include NORM management in consultative process such as EIS. Decisions to be made, actions and to be taken during operational phase Include NORM in consultative process for post rehabilitation land use Research options – consider scenarios Develop an action plan for post-rehabilitation site maintenance On-site access can be regulated PPT, Training Spillage & contamination controls Monitoring regimes NORM budget – input, output, waste Assess off-site impact of NORM Include NORM in planning – operational plans, rehabilitation plans, walk-away plans Research your options
NORM SOURCE TRANSPORT RECEPTOR DOSE RISK / DETRIMENT LAYERS OF ASSESSMENT IN NORM
NORM SOURCE TRANSPORT RECEPTOR DOSE RISK / DETRIMENT LAYERS OF ASSESSMENT IN NORM Taken from International Standards Measurement Model
NORM SOURCE TRANSPORT RECEPTOR DOSE RISK / DETRIMENT LAYERS OF ASSESSMENT IN NORM Field measurements and observations Sample collection for lab analysis Written records Discussions
NORM SOURCE TRANSPORT RECEPTOR DOSE RISK / DETRIMENT LAYERS OF ASSESSMENT IN NORM Controlled by the nature of the radioisotope involved and transport medium (air, surface water, ground water) Transport models applied to a problem may agree within a factor of 10 Complicated models may not necessarily be more accurate and reliable than simple models Most important is the need for site specific measurements for model input and model validation
NORM SOURCE TRANSPORT RECEPTOR DOSE RISK / DETRIMENT LAYERS OF ASSESSMENT IN NORM Selection of parameters leading to a conservative approach adequate for demonstrating compliance with limits. A best estimate approach for comparison of options in decision making. Vector transport may require a consideration. Different transport pathways may be more important for different sites (eg downwind vs. downstream) Some pathways may exhibit with a time lag (eg groundwater)
NORM SOURCE TRANSPORT RECEPTOR DOSE RISK / DETRIMENT LAYERS OF ASSESSMENT IN NORM Factors such as occupancy, age and lifestyle and activities can influence the dose estimate. Report conditions for which the dose has been reported (eg inhalation dose due to all time outdoor occupancy by juveniles in a town 10km from the site) For post rehabilitation planning, consider different demographic scenarios.
NORM SOURCE TRANSPORT RECEPTOR DOSE RISK / DETRIMENT LAYERS OF ASSESSMENT IN NORM Taken from International Standards Measurement Model Dose limits apply to practices
NORM SOURCE TRANSPORT RECEPTOR DOSE RISK / DETRIMENT LAYERS OF ASSESSMENT IN NORM Link between Dose and Risk is subject to uncertainties and may change with time
CRITICAL PATHWAY ANALYSIS FOR RADIOLOGICAL IMPACT CONTROL AND ASSESSMENT Riaz Akber
NORM is everywhere UNSCEAR 2000 Table 3 p Naturally occurring radionuclides : 59 Cosmogenic 14, Lithogenic U + series (14) 232 Th + series (11) 235 U + series (15) 40 K 7 Be, many more …
NORM is everywhere NORM
NORM is everywhere NORM
NORM is everywhere NORM Remedial actions may be necessary
NORM is everywhere NORM Remedial actions may be necessary TENORM Regulatory controls apply
NORM is everywhere UNSCEAR 2000 Para 197 p 112 RADIATION ATLAS EU Global average for all people 2.4 mSv.y -1 Ambient distribution of NORM does give a significant radiation dose to individuals.
NORM is everywhere UNSCEAR 2000 Para 197 p 112 RADIATION ATLAS EU Global average for all people 2.4 mSv.y -1 25% < 1 mSv.y -1 65% % >3 Ambient distribution of NORM does give a significant radiation dose to individuals.
NORM is everywhere UNSCEAR 2000 Para 197 p 112 RADIATION ATLAS EU Global average for all people 2.4 mSv.y -1 25% < 1 mSv.y -1 65% % >3 Ambient distribution of NORM does give a significant radiation dose to individuals. There is a natural variability in NORM distribution
238 U 4.47x10 9 y 226 Ra 1600 y 214 Pb 26.8 m 222 Rn 3.82 d 218 Po 3.1 m 234 Th 24.1 d 234m Pa 1.18 m 234 U 2.5x10 5 y 230 Th 7.5x10 4 y 206 Pb Stable 210 Pb 22.3 y 214 Bi 19.7 m 214 Po 164 µs 210 Bi 5.01 d 210 Po 138 d NORM – 238 U series
238 U 4.47x10 9 y 226 Ra 1600 y 214 Pb 26.8 m 222 Rn 3.82 d 218 Po 3.1 m 234 Th 24.1 d 234m Pa 1.18 m 234 U 2.5x10 5 y 230 Th 7.5x10 4 y 206 Pb Stable 210 Pb 22.3 y 214 Bi 19.7 m 214 Po 164 µs 210 Bi 5.01 d 210 Po 138 d 4.4 x x x x x x NORM – 238 U series Dose coefficient (mSv.Bq -1 ) Ingestion ICRP 68
238 U 4.47x10 9 y 226 Ra 1600 y 214 Pb 26.8 m 222 Rn 3.82 d 218 Po 3.1 m 234 Th 24.1 d 234m Pa 1.18 m 234 U 2.5x10 5 y 230 Th 7.5x10 4 y 206 Pb Stable 210 Pb 22.3 y 214 Bi 19.7 m 214 Po 164 µs 210 Bi 5.01 d 210 Po 138 d 7.3 x x x x x x x x x x x x NORM – 238 U series Dose coefficient (mSv.Bq -1 ) Inhalation ICRP 68 AMAD 1 m AMAD 5 m
238 U 4.47x10 9 y 226 Ra 1600 y 214 Pb 26.8 m 222 Rn 3.82 d 218 Po 3.1 m 234 Th 24.1 d 234m Pa 1.18 m 234 U 2.5x10 5 y 230 Th 7.5x10 4 y 206 Pb Stable 210 Pb 22.3 y 214 Bi 19.7 m 214 Po 164 µs 210 Bi 5.01 d 210 Po 138 d NORM – 238 U series Radon & progeny
238 U 4.47x10 9 y 226 Ra 1600 y 214 Pb 26.8 m 222 Rn 3.82 d 218 Po 3.1 m 234 Th 24.1 d 234m Pa 1.18 m 234 U 2.5x10 5 y 230 Th 7.5x10 4 y 206 Pb Stable 210 Pb 22.3 y 214 Bi 19.7 m 214 Po 164 µs 210 Bi 5.01 d 210 Po 138 d NORM – 238 U series External gamma
CRITICAL PATHWAY ANALYSIS FOR RADIOLOGICAL IMPACT CONTROL AND ASSESSMENT Riaz Akber