1. Technical Services

2. Objectives To identify the technical services needed within the infrastructure for an effective implementation of regulatory programme

3. Technical Services Contents Dosimetry services Analytical services Calibration services Waste management Medical services Training services Expert assistance

4. Technical Services Essential technical services should be available: to authorized radiation users to the Regulatory Authority within the State or through arrangements from outside the State

5. Dosimetry Services Assessment of external and internal doses Accuracy is verified: -by the Regulatory Authority or -by an acceptable third-party organization (accreditation)

6. Personal dosimetry to exercise control over individual dose to identify abnormally high doses to identify changes in working conditions to identify poor working practices to provide legal evidence security and confidence

7. Personal dosimetry Employer must make adequate arrangements with dosimetry services. Workers in a controlled area should have individual monitoring. Assessment of intake or committed dose is performed if exposure to contamination is possible.

8. Assessment of doses from external radiation Thermoluminescent dosemeter (TLD) -gamma, X and beta radiation Film dosemeter -gamma, X and beta radiation Neutron dosemeter -neutron radiation only

9. Assessment of doses from internal radiation Personal air sampler -airborne radioactive dust Whole body monitor -gamma emitting radioisotopes Thyroid monitoring -iodine radioisotopes Urine sampling - tritium Excreta sampling - actinides

10. Chromosome aberration analysis Assessment of dose by counting the number of damaged chromosomes in blood cells used only in overexposure situations conclusive results only where dose is grater than 200 mSv

11. Personal dosimetry - Record keeping Employer and licensee shall maintain exposure records for each monitored worker. Record to be maintained until age 75, or at least 30 years after finish of work. Information is confidential and must be secured. Access to records shall be provided to: worker relevant employer Regulatory Authority health surveillance professionals

12. Analytical services Qualitative and quantitative analysis capability for radiation measurements Commensurate with the needs for radiation safety in the country Accredited?

13. Analytical services Leak testing Identification of radionuclides Assessment of activity / activity concentration Testing of products / sources against national and international standards

14. Calibration services Calibration of radiation monitoring equipment Traceable to national and international standards (ISO, IEC, IAEA) Each testing laboratory uses same criteria and testing conditions Accredited ?

15. Calibration services Radiation monitoring performed To ensure safe working -shielding of sources -exposed or safe ? -control of contamination Regulatory requirement -monitoring of designated areas Radiation monitors require regular calibration

16. Use of monitors Types of monitors Dose and/or dose rate Surface contamination Airborne contamination Medical QA equipment Calibration and testing Pre-use Suitable intervals Record of results of test Performed by qualified person

17. Waste management Radioactive waste management facilities Long term storage and/or disposal Within the State or available through arrangements outside the State

18. Medical services In accordance with BSS and Regulatory Authority requirements Based on health surveillance programmes Health surveillance of workers

19. Training services As required by the regulatory programme for the radiation safety, and The needs of radiation users Accreditation of training organizations ?

20. Training services Training to workers involved with the work with ionizing radiation -risks to health -precautions to take -importance of compliance Adequate information to others involved with emergency response activities. Specific information to female employees

21. Training Levels of training -Users, Technicians -Radiation protection officers -Qualified experts -Line managers, Employers Qualification requirements

22. Expert assistance Expert technical assistance Support to the Regulatory Authority staff, and To the users of radiation

23. Expert assistance Consultants Consultants should be effectively independent of the operator. The use of consultants shall not relieve the Regulatory Authority of any of its responsibilities. The Regulatory Authority’s responsibility for making decisions and recommendations shall not be delegated.

24. Expert assistance Advisory bodies Advisory bodies may be formally nominated by the Government or by the Regulatory Authority. The advisory bodies are established either on a temporary or permanent basis to give independent expert opinion or advice (e.g on technical or ethical issues). Any advice offered shall not relieve the Regulatory Authority’s responsibility for making decisions.

25. Technical services References IAEA, Occupational Radiation Protection, Safety Standards Series RS- G-1.1, Vienna (1999). IAEA, Assessment of Occupational Exposure Due to Intakes of Radionuclides, Safety Standards Series RS-G-1.2, Vienna (1999). IAEA, Assessment of Occupational Exposure Due to External Sources of Radiation, Safety Standards Series RS-G-1.3, Vienna (1999). IAEA, Calibration of Radiation Monitoring Instruments, Basic Safety Series No. 16, Vienna (2000). IAEA, Establishing a National System for Radioactive Waste Management, Safety Series No. 111-S-1, Vienna (1995).

26. A new radiation therapy facility is starting the operation. What type of technical services should be in place to effectively implement the radiation safety programme ? Which services may be needed by the Regulatory Authority during the review and assessment of the application for authorization ? Exercise Technical services