Opening Access to Research Through Repositories Bill Hubbard SHERPA Manager University of Nottingham

Outline Whats it all about? Where are we now? Where are we going? What are we going to do?

Whats it all about Open Access Budapest Open Access Initiative An old tradition and a new technology have converged to make possible an unprecedented public good... – High principals to practicalities

Open Access landscape Open Access - definitions –Open Access Journals –Open Access Repositories Data Providers and Service Providers Repository networks Policy developments - publishers, funders, institutions

Institutional repositories Digital collections that preserve and provide access to the intellectual output of an institution.* Encouraging wider use of open access information assets May contain a variety of digital objects –e-prints, –theses, –e-learning objects, –datasets * Raym Crow The case for institutional repositories: a SPARC position paper

Repository content Preprints Postprints Datasets Learning objects Videos Sound files linkage between these objects Theses Dissertations Royalty publications Conference papers Technical reports Grey literature

Why institutional? The OAI-PMH allows a single gateway to search and access many repositories –subject-based portals or views –subject-based classification and search –institutional storage and support Practical reasons –use institutional infrastructure –integration into work-flows and systems –support is close to academic users and contributors

Repository Types

Growth of IRs in HE Drivers - –e-version of working –serials crisis –greater exposure –easier access –moral case for access SHERPA, DARE, ARROWs, others Research-led universities responded

Russell & 1994 Groups University of Bath Birkbeck University of Birmingham University of Bristol University of Cambridge Cardiff University University of Durham University of East Anglia University of Edinburgh University of Essex University of Exeter University of Glasgow Goldsmiths University of Reading Royal Holloway University of St Andrews University of Sheffield SOAS University of Southampton University of Surrey University of Sussex University of Warwick UCL University of York Imperial College King's College London Lancaster University University of Leeds University of Leicester University of Liverpool Loughborough University LSE University of Manchester University of Newcastle University of Nottingham University of Oxford Queen Mary Queens University

Repositories by Continent

European Repositories

Repositories Languages - global

Repositories Software

Use of IRs in HE Exposure of research outputs Shop window RAE-like activities Data management Integration with information environment Conference papers eTheses, eDissertations... all these are internal or outgoing how to use these resources within library provision?

Repository use Access to material Citation analysis Overlay journals Review projects Evidence based work Data-mining Cross-institutional research group virtual research environments... Services built on top RAE-like submissions, activities and management Archival storage Shop-windows Facilitate industrial links Career-long personalised work spaces

Putting stuff in, getting stuff out Deposit –create a description of the eprint –attach a copy –put into an institutional repository –takes about 10 minutes Discovery –use search engines –subject-based portals –find similar material within your subject

publication & deposition Author writes paper Submits to journal Paper refereed Revised by author Author submits final version Published in journal Deposits in e-print repository pre-print post-print published version

Academic concerns Subject base more natural ? –institutional infrastructure, view by subject Quality control ? –peer-review clearly labelled Plagiarism –old problem - and easier to detect I already have my papers on my website... –unstructured for RAE, access, search, preservation Threat to journals? –evidence shows co-existence possible - but in the future... ?

Issues for academic use Copyright restrictions –approx.. 93% (of Nottinghams) journals allow their authors to archive Embargoes –defines relationship of publisher to research Cultural change –like Deposition policies from funders

Support for repositories SHERPA SHERPA Plus RSP RoMEO JULIET OpenDOAR Prospero Intute Repository Search DRIVER EThOS, DART-Europe RRT IRIScotland PERX BASE, Oaister DRProg RPProg UKPMC

Developing environment Funding mandates –RCUK –Wellcome Trust –Arthritis Research CampaignArthritis Research Campaign European Commission –'Study on the Economic and Technical Evolution of the Scientific Publication Markets of EuropeStudy on the Economic and Technical Evolution of the Scientific Publication Markets of Europe –Petition signatures The Guardian Free our data campaign

JULIET screen-shot

Re-use Repositories may be free... they may be open... they may be accessible... but are they Open Access?

Repositories' Metadata Policies

Repositories' Full-text Policies

Repositories' Preservation Policies

Preservation Policy Items will be retained indefinitely. The repository will try to ensure continued readability and accessibility. –Items will be migrated to new file formats where necessary. –Where possible, software emulations will be provided to access un-migrated formats. The repository regularly backs up its files according to current best practice. The original bit stream is retained for all items, in addition to any upgraded formats. Items may not normally be removed from the repository. Acceptable reasons for withdrawal include: –Proven copyright violation or plagiarism –Legal requirements and proven violations –National Security –Falsified research Withdrawn items are not deleted per se, but are removed from public view. Withdrawn items' identifiers/URLs are retained indefinitely. URLs will continue to point to 'tombstone' citations, to avoid broken links and to retain item histories. Changes to deposited items are not permitted. Errata and corrigenda lists may be included with the original record if required. If necessary, an updated version may be deposited. In the event of the repository being closed down, the database will be transferred to another appropriate archive.

Content Policy Content Policy for types of document & data set held This is an institutional or departmental repository. The repository holds all types of materials. Papers are individually tagged with their peer-review and publication status.

Submission Policy Submission Policy concerning depositors, quality & copyright Items may only be deposited by accredited members of the organisation, or their delegated agents. Authors may only submit their own work for archiving. The administrator only vets items for the eligibility of authors/depositors, relevance to the scope of the repository, valid layout & format, and the exclusion of spam The validity and authenticity of the content of submissions is the sole responsibility of the depositor. Items can be deposited at any time, but will not be made publicly visible until any publishers' or funders' embargo period has expired. Any copyright violations are entirely the responsibility of the authors/depositors. If the repository receives proof of copyright violation, the relevant item will be removed immediately.

Metadata Policy Metadata Policy for information describing items in the repository Anyone may access the metadata free of charge. The metadata may be re-used in any medium without prior permission for not- for-profit purposes and re-sold commercially provided the OAI Identifier or a link to the original metadata record are given.

Data Policy Data Policy for full-text and other full data items Anyone may access full items free of charge. Copies of full items generally can be: –reproduced, displayed or performed, and given to third parties in any format or medium –for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge. provided: –the authors, title and full bibliographic details are given –a hyperlink and/or URL are given for the original metadata page –the content is not changed in any way Full items must not be harvested by robots except transiently for full-text indexing or citation analysis Full items must not be sold commercially in any format or medium without formal permission of the copyright holders.

Co-existence? Can repositories co-exist with traditional publication? Can repositories work with the current environment? Can repositories work with the future environment? What is the future? - and to what extent will Open Access form the future?

Futures 10 years - what changes are coming down the track and what responses are needed? What is inside your control and what is outside? Irrespective of repositories, author-side charges, open access - what will develop? Developments in the web and ICT alone will produce substantial change... Some themes to discuss...

SHERPA Partners –University of Nottingham –University of Birmingham –University of Bristol –University of Cambridge –University of Durham –University of Edinburgh –University of Glasgow –London LEAP Consortium –University of Newcastle –University of Oxford –White Rose Partnership –The British Library –Arts & Humanities Data Service London LEAP Consortium –Birkbeck College –Goldsmiths College –Imperial College –Institute of Cancer Research –Kings College –London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) –Royal Holloway –Queen Mary –School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) –School of Pharmacy (SoP) –University College, London (UCL) White Rose Partnership –University of Leeds –University of Sheffield –University of York