 Jim Hugunin Partner Architect Microsoft Corporation TL10

By: public.resource.org

Python Binder Ruby Binder COM Binder JavaScript Binder Object Binder Dynamic Language Runtime Expression Trees Dynamic Dispatch Call Site Caching IronPython IronRuby C# VB.NET Others…

IronPython0.1 Python2.3 IronPython1.0Python2.5 Python2.1 46K 90K 80K 50K 36K

#include typedef struct { PyObject_HEAD PyObject *first; /* first name */ PyObject *last; /* last name */ int number; } Noddy; static PyTypeObject noddy_NoddyType = { PyObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL) 0, /*ob_size*/ "noddy.Noddy", /*tp_name*/ sizeof(noddy_NoddyObject), /*tp_basicsize*/ 0, /*tp_itemsize*/ 0, /*tp_dealloc*/ 0, /*tp_print*/ 0, /*tp_getattr*/ 0, /*tp_setattr*/ 0, /*tp_compare*/ 0, /*tp_repr*/ 0, /*tp_as_number*/ 0, /*tp_as_sequence*/ 0, /*tp_as_mapping*/ 0, /*tp_hash */ 0, /*tp_call*/ 0, /*tp_str*/ 0, /*tp_getattro*/ 0, /*tp_setattro*/ 0, /*tp_as_buffer*/ Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, /*tp_flags*/ "Noddy objects", /* tp_doc */ }; static PyMethodDef noddy_methods[] = { {NULL} /* Sentinel */ }; #ifndef PyMODINIT_FUNC/* declarations for DLL import/export */ #define PyMODINIT_FUNC void #endif PyMODINIT_FUNC initnoddy(void) { PyObject* m; noddy_NoddyType.tp_new = PyType_GenericNew; if (PyType_Ready(&noddy_NoddyType) < 0) return; m = Py_InitModule3("noddy", noddy_methods, "Example module that creates an extension type."); Py_INCREF(&noddy_NoddyType); PyModule_AddObject(m, "Noddy", (PyObject *)&noddy_NoddyType); } static void Noddy_dealloc(Noddy* self) { Py_XDECREF(self->first); Py_XDECREF(self->last); self->ob_type->tp_free((PyObject*)self); } static PyObject * Noddy_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds) { Noddy *self; self = (Noddy *)type->tp_alloc(type, 0); if (self != NULL) { self->first = PyString_FromString(""); if (self->first == NULL) { Py_DECREF(self); return NULL; } self->last = PyString_FromString(""); if (self->last == NULL) { Py_DECREF(self); return NULL; } self->number = 0; } return (PyObject *)self; } static int Noddy_init(Noddy *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds) { PyObject *first=NULL, *last=NULL, *tmp; static char *kwlist[] = {"first", "last", NULL}; if (! PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "|OO", kwlist, &first, &last)) return -1; if (first) { tmp = self->first; Py_INCREF(first); self->first = first; Py_XDECREF(tmp); } if (last) { tmp = self->last; Py_INCREF(last); self->last = last; Py_XDECREF(tmp); } return 0; } static PyMemberDef Noddy_members[] = { {"first", T_OBJECT_EX, offsetof(Noddy, first), 0, "first name"}, {"last", T_OBJECT_EX, offsetof(Noddy, last), 0, "last name"}, {NULL} /* Sentinel */ }; static int Noddy_init(Noddy *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds) { PyObject *first=NULL, *last=NULL, *tmp; static char *kwlist[] = {"first", "last", NULL}; if (! PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "|OO", kwlist, &first, &last)) return -1; if (first) { tmp = self->first; Py_INCREF(first); self->first = first; Py_XDECREF(tmp); } if (last) { tmp = self->last; Py_INCREF(last); self->last = last; Py_XDECREF(tmp); } return 0; }

namespace noddy { public class Noddy { public string first, last; public Noddy(string first, string last) { this.first = first; this.last = last; }

Python Objects C-Based Objects C-Based Objects py1 c2

.NET Objects py1 c2

TL44: IronRuby: The Right Language for the Right Job John Lam in Room 515B Today at 5:15PM – Just after this talk!

.NET ?.? DLR2.NET 4.0.NET 3.5 LINQ DLR.NET 2.0.NET 1.0 GC BCL Reflection JIT Generics In Runtime Generics In Runtime Expression Trees Expression Trees Extension Methods Extension Methods Expression Trees v2 Expression Trees v2 Call Site Caching Dynamic Dispatch Dynamic Dispatch Dynamic Codegen Dynamic Codegen Verifier Sandbox Verifier Sandbox Silverlight Fast Delegates Fast Delegates Dynamic Methods Dynamic Methods Script Hosting Compiler as a Service Compiler as a Service ???

Calculator calc = GetCalculator(); int sum = calc.Add(10, 20); Calculator calc = GetCalculator(); int sum = calc.Add(10, 20); object calc = GetCalculator(); Type calcType = calc.GetType(); object res = calcType.InvokeMember("Add", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, new object[] { 10, 20 }); int sum = Convert.ToInt32(res); object calc = GetCalculator(); Type calcType = calc.GetType(); object res = calcType.InvokeMember("Add", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, new object[] { 10, 20 }); int sum = Convert.ToInt32(res); ScriptObject calc = GetCalculator(); object res = calc.Invoke("Add", 10, 20); int sum = Convert.ToInt32(res); ScriptObject calc = GetCalculator(); object res = calc.Invoke("Add", 10, 20); int sum = Convert.ToInt32(res); dynamic calc = GetCalculator(); int sum = calc.Add(10, 20); dynamic calc = GetCalculator(); int sum = calc.Add(10, 20); Statically typed to be dynamic Dynamic method invocation Dynamic conversion

Object Binder Python Binder Ruby Binder COM Binder Dynamic Language Runtime GetMember Name=“Foo”, IgnoreCase=false GetMember IronPython x.Foo IronPython x.Foo IronRuby x.Foo IronRuby x.Foo C# x.Foo C# x.Foo VB.NET x.Foo VB.NET x.Foo Others… $x{Foo}, … Others… $x{Foo}, … Your Binder

ActionPythonRubyC#VB.NET GetMember x.Foo SetMember x.Foo = y DeleteMember del d.Foo x.send :remove_instance_variable No syntax UnaryOperation -x BinaryOperation x + y Convert No syntax (Foo)xCType(x,Foo) InvokeMember x.Foo(a,b) 2 x.Foo(a,b) Invoke x(a,b)x.call(a,b) 1 x(a,b) CreateInstance X(a,b)X.new(a,b)new X(a,b) Not dynamic New X(a,b) Not dynamic GetIndex x[a,b] x(a,b) SetIndex x[a,b] = y X(a,b) = y DeleteIndex del x[a,b]No syntax 1: Calling a proc rather than a method; 2: this is always a GetMember followed by a Invoke

public abstract class DynamicObject : IDynamicObject { public virtual object GetMember(GetMemberBinder info){…} public virtual void SetMember(SetMemberBinder info, object value){…} public virtual void DeleteMember(DeleteMemberBinder info){…} public virtual object UnaryOperation(UnaryOperationBinder info){…} public virtual object BinaryOperation(BinaryOperationBinder info, object arg){…} public virtual object Convert(ConvertBinder info){…} public virtual object Invoke(InvokeBinder info, object[] args){…} public virtual object InvokeMember(InvokeMemberBinder info, object[] args){…} public virtual object CreateInstance(CreateInstanceBinder info, object[] args){…} public virtual object GetIndex(GetIndexBinder info, object[] indices){…} public virtual void SetIndex(SetIndexBinder, object[] indices, object value){…} public virtual void DeleteIndex(DeleteIndexBinder info, object[] indices){…} public MetaObject IDynamicObject.GetMetaObject() { … } }

Return If Parameter n Parameter n Constant 0 Constant 0 BinaryOp - BinaryOp - BinaryOp == BinaryOp == MethodCall Program.fact MethodCall Program.fact BinaryOp * BinaryOp * Constant 1 Constant 1 Parameter n Parameter n Parameter n Parameter n Constant 1 Constant 1 Return static int fact(int n) { if (n == 0) { return 1; } else { return n * fact(n - 1); }

Return If Parameter n Parameter n Constant 0 Constant 0 Dynamic CSharpOp[-] Dynamic CSharpOp[-] Dynamic CSharpOp[==] Dynamic CSharpOp[==] MethodCall Program.fact MethodCall Program.fact Dynamic CSharpOp[*] Dynamic CSharpOp[*] Constant 1 Constant 1 Parameter n Parameter n Parameter n Parameter n Constant 1 Constant 1 Return static dynamic fact(dynamic n) { if (n == 0) { return 1; } else { return n * fact(n - 1); }

def fact(n): if n == 0: return 1 else: return n * fact(n - 1) Return If Parameter n Parameter n Constant 0 Constant 0 Dynamic PythonOp[-] Dynamic PythonOp[-] Dynamic PythonOp[==] Dynamic PythonOp[==] Dynamic PythonInvoke Dynamic PythonInvoke Dynamic PythonOp[*] Dynamic PythonOp[*] Constant 1 Constant 1 Parameter n Parameter n Parameter n Parameter n Constant 1 Constant 1 Return Property Value Property Value Field $global.fact Field $global.fact

def fact(n) if n == 0 1 else n * fact(n - 1) end If Parameter n Parameter n Constant 0 Constant 0 MethodCall Ruby.IsTrue MethodCall Ruby.IsTrue Dynamic RubyOp[-] Dynamic RubyOp[-] Dynamic RubyOp[==] Dynamic RubyOp[==] Dynamic RubyCall[fact] Dynamic RubyCall[fact] Dynamic RubyOp[*] Dynamic RubyOp[*] Parameter self Parameter self Constant 1 Constant 1 Parameter n Parameter n Parameter n Parameter n Constant 1 Constant 1

x * 2 Assume x = 2,000,000,000 In Python x * 2 = 4,000,000,000 In Ruby x * 2 = 4,000,000,000 My 7 year old daughter x * 2 = 4,000,000,000 In C# x * 2 = -294,967,296 //typed as int Or OverflowException //checked Or 4,000,000,000 //typed as long

static CallSite > _site = …; if (_site.Target(_site, x, 0)) { … } if (x == 0) { … } static bool _0(Site site, object x, int y) { return site.Update(site, x, y); //tailcall }

static CallSite > _site = …; if (_site.Target(_site, x, 0)) { … } if (x == 0) { … } static bool _1(Site site, object x, int y) { if (x is int) { return (int)x == y; } else { return site.Update(site, x, y); //tailcall }

static CallSite > _site = …; if (_site.Target(_site, x, 0)) { … } if (x == 0) { … } static bool _2(Site site, object x, int y) { if (x is int) { return (int)x == y; } else if (x is BigInteger) { return BigInteger.op_Equality((BigInteger)x, y); } else { return site.Update(site, x, y); //tailcall }

Generic Update Generic Update Target Test Parameter x Parameter x BinaryOp == BinaryOp == TypeIs int TypeIs int Cast int Cast int Parameter y Parameter y Parameter x Parameter x If Field Update Field Update MethodCall Invoke MethodCall Invoke Parameter site Parameter site Parameter x Parameter x Parameter y Parameter y

Parameter x Parameter x BinaryOp == BinaryOp == TypeIs int TypeIs int Cast int Cast int Parameter y Parameter y Parameter x Parameter x If Field Update Field Update MethodCall Invoke MethodCall Invoke Parameter site Parameter site Parameter x Parameter x Parameter y Parameter y Parameter x Parameter x MethodCall Op_Equality MethodCall Op_Equality TypeIs BigInteger TypeIs BigInteger Cast BigInteger Cast BigInteger Parameter y Parameter y Parameter x Parameter x If

MetaObject Target Test Parameter x Parameter x BinaryOp == BinaryOp == TypeIs int TypeIs int Cast int Cast int Parameter y Parameter y Parameter x Parameter x

Test Parameter x Parameter x TypeIs List TypeIs List Target Property Count Property Count Cast List Cast List Parameter x Parameter x Test Parameter x Parameter x TypeIs DynamicObject TypeIs DynamicObject Target MethodCall GetMember MethodCall GetMember Cast DynamicObject Cast DynamicObject Constant GetMemberBinder(“Count”) Constant GetMemberBinder(“Count”) Parameter x Parameter x

Target Test Parameter x Parameter x Property Slot0 Property Slot0 TypeIs FastBag TypeIs FastBag Cast FastBag Cast FastBag Parameter x Parameter x

public abstract class MetaObject { public Restrictions Restrictions { get; } public Expression Expression { get; } public virtual MetaObject BindGetMember(GetMemberBinder info){…} public virtual MetaObject BindSetMember(SetMemberBinder info, MetaObject value){…} public virtual MetaObject BindDeleteMember(DeleteMemberBinder info){…} public virtual MetaObject BindUnaryOperation(UnaryOperationBinder info){…} public virtual MetaObject BindBinaryOperation(BinaryOperationBinder info, MetaObject arg){…} public virtual MetaObject BindConvert(ConvertBinder info){…} public virtual MetaObject BindInvoke(InvokeBinder info, MetaObject[] args){…} public virtual MetaObject BindInvokeMember(InvokeMemberBinder info, MetaObject[] args){…} public virtual MetaObject BindCreateInstance(CreateInstanceBinder info, MetaObject[] args){…} public virtual MetaObject BindGetIndex(GetIndexBinder info, MetaObject[] indices){…} public virtual MetaObject BindSetIndex(SetIndexBinder, MetaObject[] inds, MetaObject value){…} public virtual MetaObject BindDeleteIndex(DeleteIndexBinder info, MetaObject[] indices){…} }

Parameter z Parameter z BinaryOp == BinaryOp == TypeIs int[] TypeIs int[] Constant Map Function Constant Map Function Parameter x Parameter x AndAlso Parameter y Parameter y TypeIs Func TypeIs Func map(f, my_ints)

Python Binder Ruby Binder COM Binder JavaScript Binder Object Binder Dynamic Language Runtime Expression Trees Dynamic Dispatch Call Site Caching IronPython IronRuby C# VB.NET Others…

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