1. C# in the Big World Mads Torgersen Program Manager
Tech Ed North America 2010
9/13/2018 1:09 PM
Required Slide
SESSION CODE: DEV404
C# in the Big World
Mads Torgersen
Program Manager
Microsoft Corporation
© 2010 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

2. C# in the Big World New features The design of dynamic Dynamic
Named and optional arguments
COM interop features
The design of dynamic

3. The DLR on the CLR Common Language Runtime – CLR:
Common platform for static languages
Facilitates great interop

4. The DLR on the CLR Common Language Runtime – CLR:
Common platform for static languages
Facilitates great interop
Dynamic Language Runtime – DLR:
Common platform for dynamic languages

5. The DLR on the CLR Common Language Runtime – CLR:
Common platform for static languages
Facilitates great interop
Dynamic Language Runtime – DLR:
Common platform for dynamic languages

6. Dynamic Objects Implement their own binding
Programmatically describes meaning of operations
The DLR caches and optimizes
Built by dynamic languages – or by you!

7. Why Dynamic in C#? Build on DLR opportunity
Use code from dynamic languages
Use other dynamic object models
Improve COM interop

8. Dynamic Language Runtime (DLR)
IronPython
IronRuby C#
VB.NET
Others…
Dynamic Language Runtime
Expression Trees
Dynamic Dispatch
Call Site Caching
Object Binder
JavaScript Binder
Python Binder
Ruby Binder
COM Binder

9. The dynamic Type in C# dynamic calc = GetCalculator();
Calculator calc = GetCalculator();
int sum = calc.Add(10, 20);
object calc = GetCalculator();
Type calcType = calc.GetType();
object res = calcType.InvokeMember("Add",
BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null,
new object[] { 10, 20 });
int sum = Convert.ToInt32(res);
ScriptObject calc = GetCalculator();
object res = calc.Invoke("Add", 10, 20);
int sum = Convert.ToInt32(res);
Statically typed to be dynamic
dynamic calc = GetCalculator();
int sum = calc.Add(10, 20);
Dynamic conversion
Dynamic method invocation

10. DEMO Dynamic Tech Ed North America 2010 9/13/2018 1:09 PM
© 2010 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

11. System.Dynamic.DynamicObject
public class DynamicObject : IDynamicMetaObjectProvider {
public virtual IEnumerable<string> GetDynamicMemberNames();
public virtual DynamicMetaObject GetMetaObject(Expression parameter);
public virtual bool TryBinaryOperation(BinaryOperationBinder binder, object arg, out object result);
public virtual bool TryConvert(ConvertBinder binder, out object result);
public virtual bool TryCreateInstance(CreateInstanceBinder binder, object[] args, out object result);
public virtual bool TryDeleteIndex(DeleteIndexBinder binder, object[] indexes);
public virtual bool TryDeleteMember(DeleteMemberBinder binder);
public virtual bool TryGetIndex(GetIndexBinder binder, object[] indexes, out object result);
public virtual bool TryGetMember(GetMemberBinder binder, out object result);
public virtual bool TryInvoke(InvokeBinder binder, object[] args, out object result);
public virtual bool TryInvokeMember(InvokeMemberBinder binder, object[] args, out object result);
public virtual bool TrySetIndex(SetIndexBinder binder, object[] indexes, object value);
public virtual bool TrySetMember(SetMemberBinder binder, object value);
public virtual bool TryUnaryOperation(UnaryOperationBinder binder, out object result); }

12. DEMO DynamicObject Tech Ed North America 2010 9/13/2018 1:09 PM
© 2010 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

13. Optional and Named Parameters
public StreamReader OpenTextFile(
string path,
Encoding encoding,
bool detectEncoding,
int bufferSize);
Primary method
Secondary overloads
public StreamReader OpenTextFile(
string path,
Encoding encoding,
bool detectEncoding);
Encoding encoding);
string path);
Call primary with default values

14. Optional and Named Parameters
Optional parameters
public StreamReader OpenTextFile(
string path,
Encoding encoding = null,
bool detectEncoding = true,
int bufferSize = 1024);
public StreamReader OpenTextFile(
string path,
Encoding encoding,
bool detectEncoding,
int bufferSize);
Named argument
OpenTextFile("foo.txt", Encoding.UTF8);
OpenTextFile("foo.txt", Encoding.UTF8, bufferSize: 4096);
Named arguments can be in any order
Evaluated in order written
Named arguments must be last
OpenTextFile(
bufferSize: 4096,
path: "foo.txt",
detectEncoding: false);
Non-optional must be specified

15. Improved COM Interoperability
object fileName = "Test.docx";
object missing = System.Reflection.Missing.Value;
doc.SaveAs(ref fileName,
ref missing, ref missing, ref missing,
ref missing, ref missing, ref missing,
ref missing, ref missing, ref missing);
doc.SaveAs("Test.docx");

16. Improved COM Interoperability
Optional and named parameters
Indexed properties
Optional “ref” modifier
Interop type embedding (“No PIA”)
Automatic object  dynamic mapping

17. Improved COM Interoperability
Tech Ed North America 2010
9/13/2018 1:09 PM
Improved COM Interoperability
DEMO
© 2010 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

18. Designing Dynamic Initial sentiment
C# is not a dynamic language!
Dynamic is a dangerous foreign element
It should be syntactically explicit

19. Static Example string[] strings = GetStrings();
string last = strings[strings.Length – 1];

20. Explicit Dynamic Operations
object strings = GetDynamicObject();
string last = ~(string)strings~[strings~.Length ~– 1];
object strings = GetDynamicObject();
string last = (string)strings~[strings~.Length ~– 1];
object strings = GetDynamicObject();
string last = strings~[strings~.Length ~– 1];
object strings = GetDynamicObject();
string last = strings[strings~.Length – 1];
object strings = GetDynamicObject();
string last = strings~[strings~.Length – 1];
object strings = GetDynamicObject();
string last = strings[strings.Length – 1];

21. Explicit Dynamic Operations
object strings = GetDynamicObject();
string last = ~(string)strings~[strings~.Length ~– 1];
Reads horribly!
Insight: Dynamic operations travel in packs! 

22. Dynamic Blocks object strings = GetDynamicObject(); string last;
dynamic { last = strings[strings.Length – 1]; }

23.  Dynamic Blocks Different “dialect” of C# inside
object strings = GetDynamicObject(); string last;
dynamic { last = strings[strings.Length – 1]; }
Different “dialect” of C# inside
Opt out with static contexts?
Lose sight of big contexts
Insight: Dynamicness flows from within 

24. Contagious Dynamic Expressions
object strings = GetDynamicObject();
string last = strings[dynamic(strings).Length – 1];

25. Contagious Dynamic Expressions
object strings = GetDynamicObject();
string last = strings[dynamic(strings).Length – 1];
Rules of propagation – which operations are dynamic?
Factoring out subexpressions is hard – what is their type?
Insight: Dynamicness follows the objects 

26. The dynamic Type dynamic strings = GetDynamicObject();
string last = strings[strings.Length – 1];

27.  The dynamic Type Propagates through the types Reads like normal C#!
dynamic strings = GetDynamicObject();
string last = strings[strings.Length – 1];
Propagates through the types
Reads like normal C#! 

28. Why is this OK? What Happened to Syntactically Explicit?
Embrace dynamicness
You can’t make a language feature that is “built to be ugly”
Dynamic isn’t there to take away safety
But to make ugly code nice
Dynamicness is still explicit – just not in syntax
What better way to express lack of typing than through types?

29.   Type or Type Modifier? Generality: Simplicity:
Static binding of Foo’s members
Dynamic binding of the rest
Simplicity:
Dynamic binding of all members
Even those on Object
dynamic Foo foo = GetDynamicFoo(); 
dynamic foo = GetDynamicFoo(); 

30.   Dynamic Binding When? When the receiver is dynamic:
Forces you to choose a type
When any subexpression is dynamic:
Softer “landing” back in type land
dynamic result = Math.Abs((double)d); 
dynamic result = Math.Abs(d); 

31. Dynamic Operations Dynamic result: Static result:
Method call Math.Abs(d)
Invocation d(“Hello”)
Member access d.Length
Operator application 4 + d
Indexing d[“Hello”]
Static result:
Conversions (double)d
Object creation new Foo(d)

32. How Dynamic? “Just enough” dynamicness Principle of least surprise:
M(d, GetFoo());
Bind with
runtime type
Bind with
compile-time type
“Just enough” dynamicness
Nobody uses your runtime type unless you let them
Principle of least surprise:
Argument’s contribution to binding is invariant

33. Summary: The Meaning of dynamic
dynamic means
“use my runtime type for binding”

34. Summary: The Reason for dynamic Which would you rather see – or write?
Type calcType = calc.GetType();
object res = calcType.InvokeMember("Add",
BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null,
new object[] { 10, 20 });
int sum = Convert.ToInt32(res);
int sum = calc.Add(10, 20);

35. Takeaways C# 4.0 is about interacting with a bigger world
Dynamic allows anything to “look like an object”
Named and optional eliminate overloads and boilerplate
COM interop is finally natural in C#

36. Related Content – Breakout Sessions
Required Slide
Speakers, please list the Breakout Sessions, Interactive Sessions, Labs and Demo Stations that are related to your session.
Tech Ed North America 2010
9/13/2018 1:09 PM
Related Content – Breakout Sessions
DEV307: F# in Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 (6/10 from 9:45am – 11:00am)
DEV315: Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 Tips and Tricks (6/8 from 5:00pm – 6:15pm)
DEV316: Modern Programming with C++Ox in Microsoft Visual C (6/8 from 3:15pm – 4:30pm)
DEV319: Scale and Productivity for C++ Developers with Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 (6/9 from 8:00am – 9:15am)
DEV401: Advanced Use of the new Microsoft Visual Basic 2010 Language Features (6/9 from 9:45am – 11:00am)
DEV404: C# in the Big World (6/8 from 1:30pm – 2:45pm)
DEV406: Integrating Dynamic Languages into Your Enterprise Applications (6/8 from 8am – 9:15am)
DEV407: Maintaining and Modernizing Existing Applications with Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 (6/10 from 8:00am – 9:15am)
© 2010 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

37. Related Content – Interactive Sessions and HOL's
Required Slide
Speakers, please list the Breakout Sessions, Interactive Sessions, Labs and Demo Stations that are related to your session.
Tech Ed North America 2010
9/13/2018 1:09 PM
Related Content – Interactive Sessions and HOL's
DEV03-INT: Meet the C# team (6/9 from 1:30-2:45pm)
DEV04-INT: Meet the VB team (6/10 from 3:15 – 4:30pm)
DEV09-INT: Microsoft Visual Basic and C# IDE Tips and Tricks (6/7 from 4:30pm -5:45pm)
DEV10-INT: Using Dynamic Languages to build Scriptable Applications ((6/9 from 8:00am -9:15am)
DEV11 –INT: IronPython Tools (6/10 from 5:00pm – 6:15pm)
DEV05-HOL: Introduction to F#
© 2010 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

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© 2010 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

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The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

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42. Tech Ed North America 2010 9/13/2018 1:09 PM
© 2010 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.
© 2010 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

43. Required Slide Tech Ed North America 2010 9/13/2018 1:09 PM
© 2010 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.