بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

scolex neck Mature segment Gravid segment Teania worm 1. Teania saginata 2. Teania solium

Teania saginata

Taenia saginata (beef tape worm) Double striated egg shell Hexacanth embryo More than 12 lateral uterine branch

Gravid segment rupture and release eggs Human infected by eating undercooked beef Definitive and reservoir host Intermediate host

Maturation time 8-10 weeks. Life span up to 25 years. Scolex evaginate in small intestine and attach it self to mucosa of intestine.

Pathology Adult: may be abdominal pain with some abdominal disturbance.

-Scolex with hook -Uterine lateral Branches less than 12

Usual Intermediate host liberated embryo,via bloodstream to tissue especially muscle Measly pork Definitive and reservoir hosts Cysticercus is liberated, scolex evaginates, attaches itself to mucosa of small intestine. develops to adult. Maturation time 3months.Life span up to 25 years. Development of cysticercus cellulosea-5x8-10mm

Pathology Adult: may be abdominal pain with some abdominal disturbance. Larvae of T.solium produce cystic nodules (cysticercosis) in sub- cutaneous tissue and muscles with mild symptoms; except when present in brain it can cause major central nervous system sign.

Cysticercosis can occur by autoinfection: Internal—antiprestalsis movement of intestine gets its contents back to the stomach External ova in stool of infected patient contaminate his own food or hands

- Autoinfection - Opportunistic parasitic infection - I.H & D.h Liberated embryo penetrates villus and becomes cysticercoid in4 days.Cysticrcercoid re-enter lumen,attaches itself to mucosa and develops into adult worm in days

- Librated embryo penetrates villus and becomes cystocercoid in 4 days. - cysticercoid re-enters lumen, attaches itself to mucosa and develops into adult worm in days. Diagnosis : Eggs in stools

TreatmentDiseaseTapeworm Praziquantel 5-10 mg/Kg single dose Taeniasis Taenia saginata Praziquanlel 5-10 mg/Km single dose Taeniasis Taenia solium adult Praziquantel (not for ocular cases) 50 mg/Kg divided into 3doses/day for 14 days to hospitalized patient only, -steroid to reduce reaction in brain cysticerci) CystisercosisTaenia solium larvae Praziquantel 15-25mg /kg single dose) Hymenolepiasis Hymenolepis nana -Surgery (removal of cyst after injection of scolicide) -Albendazole Each cours mg/kg/day for 30 days, total of 4 course separated by 15 days breaks. Hydatid disease Echinococcus granulosus

3-8 mm in length 4 segments: 1-scolex with 4 sucker and hooks, 2- immature 3- mature 4- gravid segment. - Definitive host is dog. - Intermediate host is sheep, cattle, camel and human.

Librated embryo penetrates mucosa carried by blood streams to various sites

(1)adult worms in bowels of definitive host. (2) eggs passed in feces, ingested by humans or intermediate host. (3) onchosphere penetrates intestinal wall, carried via blood to lodge in organs. (4) hyatid cysts develop in liver, lungs, brain, heart. (5) protoscolices (hydatid sand) ingested by definitive host. (6) attach to small intestine and grow to adult worm.

Infection Human ( I.H.), acceidental ingestion of dog feces containing eggs. Dogs ( D.H.) ingest offal (farm feed of ground organs) containing cysts.

Clinical feature and pathology Depend on site and size Can cause obstructions and pressure on vital organs. Or rupture of cyst with anaphylactic shock. Some cyst grow for short time,die and calcify. 66% of cyst found in liver in Rt lobe. H.cyst in lung cause pul.symptoms and sputum containing blood and hydatid fluid. Can be found in bone, brain,spleen and kidneys…..

diagnosis: Clinically, ultrasound scanning and other imaging techniques Laboratory Serological detection of antibodies. Examination of cyst fluid for brood capsules and protoscoleces, after surgical removal of cyst.

Serologic Testing: detect antibody response IHA (indirect hemagglutination test) ELISA (enzyme-linked emmunosorbent assay)

Treatment: Surgical Removal of Hydatid Cysts 90% effective but can be risky depending on location, size, and advancement of cyst may need chemotherapy to prevent recurrance Chemotherapy Albendazole is preferred treatment because it penetrates into hyatid cysts. Dosage: 10mg/kg body weight or 400mg 2x daily for 4 weeks, repeat cycles as necessary (up to 12) Mebendazole Dosage: 40mg/kg body weight 3x daily for 3-6 months

PAIR Treatment Puncture, aspiration, injection, respiration Inject protoscolicidal substances into the cyst

TreatmentDiseaseTapeworm Praziquantel 5-10 mg/Kg single dose TaeniasisTaenia saginata Praziquanlel 5-10 mg/Km single dose TaeniasisTaenia solium adult Praziquantel (not for ocular cases) 50 mg/Kg divided into 3doses/day for 14 days to hospitalized patient only, -steroid to reduce reaction in brain cysticerci) CystisercosisTaenia solium larvae Praziquantel 15-25mg /kg single dose) Hymenolepiasis Hymenolepis nana - Surgery (removal of cyst after injection of scolicide) -Albendazole Each cours mg/kg/day for 30 days, total of 4 course separated by 15 days breaks. Hydatid disease Echinococcus granulosus

What you need to know about a parasite Scientific name (and commom name) Geographic distribution ( in general terms) Life-cycle Pathogenesis Disease(s) caused Diagnosis Treatment ( drug of choice) & prevention

Resources on Parasitology Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) : L/Para_Health.htm

Resources on Parasitology

الحمد لله