JOHN LOCKE SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORIES ORIGINBIOGRAPHY

POINTS A lot of philosophers tried to explain the origin of society. A lot of philosophers tried to explain the origin of society. One of the most important philophers was Locke One of the most important philophers was Locke He divided his study in three steps: He divided his study in three steps: - Human nature: how is the human being if there is not society. - Human nature: how is the human being if there is not society. - Natural state: how humans lived in the past when society didn’t exist - Natural state: how humans lived in the past when society didn’t exist Social contract: the “contract” humans “signed” for living in society. Social contract: the “contract” humans “signed” for living in society.

LOKES’ BIOGRAPHY - He was born in Wrington the 29th of August, He was born in Wrington the 29th of August, He studied natural sciences, medicine and State’s theory. - He studied natural sciences, medicine and State’s theory. - In 1665 he began to work in diplomatic services. - In 1665 he began to work in diplomatic services. - In 1667 he was the friend of an important politician who gave him little jobs in the government. - In 1667 he was the friend of an important politician who gave him little jobs in the government. - In 1675 he had to leave his country. - In 1675 he had to leave his country. - In 1688 he returned to his country because of England became the first CONSTITUCIONAL MONARQUY. In this period he became a big philosophical defence for liberalism and he became trade minister too, resigning that post in 1700 because of a disease. - In 1688 he returned to his country because of England became the first CONSTITUCIONAL MONARQUY. In this period he became a big philosophical defence for liberalism and he became trade minister too, resigning that post in 1700 because of a disease. - He died in Oates, Essex the 28th of October, He died in Oates, Essex the 28th of October, Major works: - Major works: - A Letter Concerning Toleration. - A Letter Concerning Toleration. - Two Treatises of Government. - Two Treatises of Government. - An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. - An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. - Some Thoughts Concerning Education. - Some Thoughts Concerning Education.

HUMAN NATURE - Humans obey the MORAL LAW, which was DISCOVERED by REASON. - Humans obey the MORAL LAW, which was DISCOVERED by REASON. - This law put limits to the behaviour and the conscience. THE LIMITS OF THIS FREEDOM BEGIN WHEN THE RIGHTS OF OTHER HUMAN BEING ARE IN DANGER. - This law put limits to the behaviour and the conscience. THE LIMITS OF THIS FREEDOM BEGIN WHEN THE RIGHTS OF OTHER HUMAN BEING ARE IN DANGER. - IT DOESN’T MEAN ALL HUMAN BEINGS HAVE THE SAME OBEDIENCE TO THIS LAW, human beings OBEY NATURAL LAW TOO. - IT DOESN’T MEAN ALL HUMAN BEINGS HAVE THE SAME OBEDIENCE TO THIS LAW, human beings OBEY NATURAL LAW TOO. - The majority of human being are good by nature, because of this law. - The majority of human being are good by nature, because of this law. - It doesn’t mean humans help each other, they just try to survive with some moral limits. - It doesn’t mean humans help each other, they just try to survive with some moral limits. WE CAN SEE THIS MORAL LAW IN OUR SOCIETY, WHICH CONSIDERED SOME THINGS GOOD AND SOME THINGS BAD. THE MAJORITY OF PEOPLE IS AGAISNT WARS AND OTHER CONFLICTS WHICH BREAK OTHER HUMAN RIGHTS. HUMANS CAN UNDERSTAND OTHER CULTURES AND TO RESPECT THEM. COMERCY WOULDN’T BE POSSIBLE IF ALL HUMANS DOESN’T RESPECT THE PRIVATE PROPERTY AND OTHER HUMANS NATURAL RIGHTS. WE CAN SEE THIS MORAL LAW IN OUR SOCIETY, WHICH CONSIDERED SOME THINGS GOOD AND SOME THINGS BAD. THE MAJORITY OF PEOPLE IS AGAISNT WARS AND OTHER CONFLICTS WHICH BREAK OTHER HUMAN RIGHTS. HUMANS CAN UNDERSTAND OTHER CULTURES AND TO RESPECT THEM. COMERCY WOULDN’T BE POSSIBLE IF ALL HUMANS DOESN’T RESPECT THE PRIVATE PROPERTY AND OTHER HUMANS NATURAL RIGHTS.

STATE OF NATURE: - It was a peaceful state, without big wars between all the humans but it has some problems which are the reasons for the origin of the society: - It was a peaceful state, without big wars between all the humans but it has some problems which are the reasons for the origin of the society: - Human’s defence was difficult, it wasn’t a safety state (not all humans respect moral law, and they only think in their own profit). - Human’s defence was difficult, it wasn’t a safety state (not all humans respect moral law, and they only think in their own profit). - To ensure the life, the freedom and the property, human beings made an agreement to create a new social order which would be more organized  SOCIAL CONTRACT. - To ensure the life, the freedom and the property, human beings made an agreement to create a new social order which would be more organized  SOCIAL CONTRACT. IT’S LOGICAL TO CREATE A NEW SOCIAL ORDER TO IMPROVE THE STATE OF HUMAN BEINGS, FOR PROTECTING HUMAN’S NATURAL RIGHTS FROM PEOPLE WHICH DON’T OBEY THE MORAL LAW, MAKING THE LIFE EASIER FOR THEM IT’S LOGICAL TO CREATE A NEW SOCIAL ORDER TO IMPROVE THE STATE OF HUMAN BEINGS, FOR PROTECTING HUMAN’S NATURAL RIGHTS FROM PEOPLE WHICH DON’T OBEY THE MORAL LAW, MAKING THE LIFE EASIER FOR THEM

SOCIAL CONTRACT: - With this contract humans try to improve their life, recognize the authority of a LEADER, who MAKES NATURAL RIGHTS TO BE RESPECTED. - With this contract humans try to improve their life, recognize the authority of a LEADER, who MAKES NATURAL RIGHTS TO BE RESPECTED. - Humans lose some rights which are given to the leader who has to use it for the benefit of the rest of the humans. - Humans lose some rights which are given to the leader who has to use it for the benefit of the rest of the humans. - If the government tries to be more powerful, being a bad leader who DOESN’T RESPECT NATURAL RIGHTS  SOCIAL CONTRACT WOULD BREAK and people have the right to REBEL AND DESTROY THE GOVERNMENT. - If the government tries to be more powerful, being a bad leader who DOESN’T RESPECT NATURAL RIGHTS  SOCIAL CONTRACT WOULD BREAK and people have the right to REBEL AND DESTROY THE GOVERNMENT.

CONSEQUENCES OF THIS SOCIAL CONTRACT: - We live in a DEMOCRACY which defend the LIBERALISM (humans preserve the majority of their natural rights) so the power of the GOVERNMENT CAN END IF PEOPLE WANT THAT. - We live in a DEMOCRACY which defend the LIBERALISM (humans preserve the majority of their natural rights) so the power of the GOVERNMENT CAN END IF PEOPLE WANT THAT. - We live in CAPITALISM to preserve the private property which in the natural state couldn’t be preserved. - We live in CAPITALISM to preserve the private property which in the natural state couldn’t be preserved. - WE MUST PRESERVE THIS POLITICAL SYSTEM, it isn’t perfect but step by step it’s becoming better: development of technology, better life system…; if we return to natural state we will go back in evolution, we have to improve things not to leave them, IF WE RETURN BACK WE’LL LIVE UNSECURITY AND WITH OUR NATURAL RIGHTS IN DANGER AGAIN. - WE MUST PRESERVE THIS POLITICAL SYSTEM, it isn’t perfect but step by step it’s becoming better: development of technology, better life system…; if we return to natural state we will go back in evolution, we have to improve things not to leave them, IF WE RETURN BACK WE’LL LIVE UNSECURITY AND WITH OUR NATURAL RIGHTS IN DANGER AGAIN. - IN DEMOCRACY PEOPLE IS HAPPIER because they have more liberties, a DICTATORSHIP isn’t the solution (compare Spain during the dictatorship and Spain now) humans don’t need to be scared of a strong leader to live in peace, they can live in a political system where natural rights and liberties are respected (the countries with a dictator are usually the poorest and where more wars there are, they aren’t as organized as democratic States). Humans can live in peace between democratic states, Europe has preserved its peace since democracy arises there. - IN DEMOCRACY PEOPLE IS HAPPIER because they have more liberties, a DICTATORSHIP isn’t the solution (compare Spain during the dictatorship and Spain now) humans don’t need to be scared of a strong leader to live in peace, they can live in a political system where natural rights and liberties are respected (the countries with a dictator are usually the poorest and where more wars there are, they aren’t as organized as democratic States). Humans can live in peace between democratic states, Europe has preserved its peace since democracy arises there.