Slum Upgrading Portfolio Marrakech 10 November, 2005

Slum Upgrading Portfolio Total Africa 12 Asia 14 MENA 06 LAC 17 Global 07 Total 56 56

Evaluation of Completed Slum Upgrading Projects 2005 Desk Evaluations  Nairobi  San Salvador  Mexico  Barrio Legal  Lagos  Phonm Penh  Salvador, Bahia  Koraat S’baa  Housing Finance for the Poor Field Evaluation  Mozambique

Evaluation of Completed Projects 2004 Mozambique ActivitySlum Upgrading and Vulnerability Reduction in Flood- Prone Cities and Towns Outcome  New policy approach, based on “Living with Floods”  Contribution to legislation on urban land markets  Production of knowledge tools  Follow-up activities (Maputo & Quelimane) with new partners – World Bank, EU, DANIDA, Wateraid Strength  Highly innovative and participatory outcome  Use of simple and appropriate technologies Weakness  No linkages to investment  Weak involvement of other CA partners  Extremely limited resources of Mozambican municipalities

Evaluation of Completed Projects 2004 San Salvador ActivityImproving the execution capacity for urban upgrading in metropolitan San Salvador Outcome  Most outcomes did not materialise  Activity became distracted with a wholly new focus on urban crime and violence Strength  Good collaboration amongst CA members  Attempt to overcome institutional confusion Weakness  Lack of a clear client/partner – activity was supply- driven  Activities were caught within government dispute  Inadequate adherence to CA criteria

Evaluation of Completed Projects 2004 Phnom Penh ActivityImproving land tenure fro the urban poor Outcome  Not all recommendations implemented  Influenced national housing policy, esp secure tenure  Helped clarify interpretations of land law Strength  Recommendations to promote incremental tenure, preventing price increases and displacement;  Good use of local skills Weakness  Government unwilling to take binding decisions;  Small team /consultant lacked critical mass;  Poorly integrated with CDS process

Evaluation of Completed Projects 2004  CWS message is gaining momentum  CA Criteria reinforced: Citywide Investment links Coherence of effort  Financial Model: Savings, Subsidy and Credit  Informal sector outperforms public / private formal  Slums remain big business – votes & rent  Evictions still a threat – fine line between consultation & coercion  Importance of flexible approaches to tenure  Still hampered by lack of urban focus in PRS / CAS / UNDAF Key Lessons – Slum Upgrading

Evaluation of Completed Projects 2004  Highlight costs of parallel markets created by policy failure:  Increased cost of services  Lost revenue  Premium paid by poor  Long term Governance problems  CG MEMBERS: REINFORCE NEED TO PREVENT NEW SLUMS Key Lessons – Slum Upgrading

Significant Emerging Initiatives  INDIA  National Urban Renew Mission  Allocation of $1bn p.a.  Set of mandatory reforms and optional reforms  Commence with City Development Plan  Initial portfolio of 60 cities  EGYPT  95% of population lives on 5% land  Additional 26 million will urbanise by 2021  Fundamental rethink of urban policy (with CDS)  WB, supported by UN-Habitat, GTZ and USAID  SOUTH AFRICA  “Breaking New Ground” upgrading policy  Consciously aims to integrate low-income communities  MoU with Banking Council to invest R42 billion by 2008  September – “Social Contract for Rapid Housing Delivery” with private sector

Cities Alliance Secretariat Priorities for 2006:  Systematic approach to knowledge- What works? Where? Why?  Capture innovations  Highlight cities/countries  Setting targets  Making budgetary allocations  Reforming land markets  Work programme with WB Urban Anchor  Need active involvement of CA members