1. Tenure Security, Urban Services and Slum Upgrading
The Case of Ribeira Azul, Bahia, Brazil
Ivo Imparato, World Bank, LCSUW
November 2007

2. Salvador, Bahia - Brazil
The city of Salvador
Number of slums: 357
People living in slums: 800,000 (ca. 30% of city’s population)

3. Chronology
Initial interventions of the Government of Bahia in the area of Alagados, Salvador
1970’s
Start of systematic collaboration between the State Government of Bahia and the italian NGO AVSI, with the support of the Italian Government and the contribution of the World Bank (Novos Alagados Project – 15,000 beneficiaries)
1993
Viver Melhor I Program, with financial support from the Federal level (Caixa), Habitar Brasil/IADB, Produr/World Bank and the State Government of Bahia
1995
1996
Istanbul – Habitat II – UN Conference on Human Settlements
Scaling up of Novos Alagados Project in partnership between the State Government of Bahia, AVSI and the World Bank – Produr loan.
1998

4. Chronology Start of the implementation of Ribeira Azul Program 1999
Constitution of the Cities Alliance by World Bank and UN-Habitat; Italy was a founding member
1999
Start of Cities Alliance Technical and Social Assistance Project to Ribeira Azul Program (135,000 beneficiaries)
2001

5. Ribeira Azul Program Objective: Actions:
Integrated Program for the reduction of urban poverty, aiming to improve the quality of life of 135,000 people
Actions:
Urban upgrading and environmental recovery;
Resettlement of stilt dwellers;
Home improvement;
Construction and restructuring of community and social facilities;
Human development sub-projects

6. Ribeira Azul Program
FEATURES OF THE PROGRAM AREA:
Corresponding to 22% of all informal settlement residents in Salvador
Social intervention area: ca. 4 km2
Population......: 135,000 Dwellings : 40,000
Physical intervention area
Stilt houses : 3,500
Dwellings on dry land...: 9,000

7. Qualitative change
from stilt houses
to urban neighbourhood
1996
2003

8. Ribeira Azul Program Areas with concluded or on-going works
Service
2000
2006
Garbage collection
50%
80%
Access to water system
37%
91%
Access to eletricity
72%
88%
Access to sewerage system
21%
84%
Houses without toilets
31% 3%
Source: Results Evaluation Report, 2006

9. Programa Ribeira Azul Relocation of stilt dwellers
Stilt dwellings in ,500
Households relocated from stilt dwellings ,700
Households still to be relocated

10. Program Features Scaling up
Participatory action: the community and local associations as partners of a program for the reduction of urban poverty;
Institutional strengthening;
Integrated and area-based infrastructure and urban development interventions;
Facing slum upgrading issues and problems which can be systematized and disseminated;
Robust monitoring and evaluation system

11. Ribeira Azul Partnership
Ministéro
das Cidades 70
Local
Associations

12. State policy of integrated
Viver Melhor II Project
Definition of strategic principles for the new Viver Melhor II Program, replicating the methodology applied in Ribeira Azul in other areas of the State of Bahia
2003
Approval of the World Bank loan and approval of an Italian-funded Cities Alliance grant for Technical and Methodologial Assistance to Viver Melhor II Project (PAT)
2005
2006
Start-up of Viver Melhor II Project and PAT activities
1994
Novos Alagados
(Salvador)
2001
Ribeira Azul
2006
Viver Melhor
(Bahia)
Integrated approach
Macro-area
Local
State policy of integrated
urban development

13. Viver Melhor II Project
Key concepts:
Adoption of the integrated, area-based and participatory methodology of Novos Alagados/Ribeira Azul
Scaling up: from a local project to a state level program
Focus on pro-poor, integrated urban development policies and actions as an entry point for poverty reduction

14. Viver Melhor II Project
Component A
USD 54.8 million
Urban infrastructure delivery
65%
Viver
Melhor II
Component B
USD 19.5 million
Social services delivery
25%
USD 82.1 million
Component C
USD 7.8 million
Institutional Strengthening, Studies and Project Management
10%

15. Challenges Going Forward
Land tenure regularization
Cost recovery
Resettlement housing
Affordable land supply – prevention of new invasions
Enlarged partnership for O&M of the investments / sustainability
Local Economic Development – income generation
Crime and violence prevention

16. Challenges in Scaling Up
Replicability of a successful methodology on a larger scale:
Intersectoral work
Participation
Support to local associations
Management of significant resources of social component
Training and co-ordinating the new actors
Transforming lessons learned into public policies