ROCKS & LANDFORMS REVIEW

Lab 1: Types of Rock 1. List and describe the 3 groups of rocks. Igneous- Forms from cooled magma or lava Sedimentary- made of sediments that compacted over time Metamorphic- Forms due to heat & pressure 2. List and describe 5 processes of the rock cycle. Cooling of magma or lava forms igneous rock Weathering of a rock forms sediments Lithification of sediments forms sedimentary rock Heat & pressure on a rock creates metamorphic rock Melting of a rock forms magma 3. Lava is molten rock on the earth’s surface and magma is molten material inside the earth. 4. An intrusive rock forms inside the earth and an extrusive rock forms on the surface. 5. All rocks are made up of minerals. **So it can be said that a mineral is like the ingredient to a mixture (the rock)

ROCK CYCLE (L) (B) (C) (H) (D) (K) (A) (E) (F) (I) (N) (J) (G) (M) melting (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) (H) (I) (J) (K) (L) (M) (N) ROCK CYCLE

ROCK CYCLE (L) cooling (B) melting (C) (H) (D) (K) (A) (E) (F) (I) (N) (J) (K) (L) (M) (N) igneous rock cooling melting Weathering & erosion Heat & pressure ROCK CYCLE sediments melting melting Weathering & erosion lithification metamorphic rock Weathering & erosion Heat & pressure Sedimentary rock

Lab 2: Maps 6. A geologic map shows the ages and types of rocks at the surface. 7. A topographic map shows elevation and shape of physical land features. 8. Define: Contour line – connects points of the same elevation Contour interval – distance between each contour line Elevation – height of land above sea level

Lab 3&4: Weathering 9. Explain chemical weathering. Changes the chemical structure of the rock Water can: Dissolve minerals Cause rust to form 10. List and explain 3 types of physical weathering. Ice wedging: water seeps into cracks-freezes-expands-thaws Plant roots: grows in cracks-breaks rock apart Rock Abrasion: rocks rub or collide due to wind or moving water

Lab 5&6: Erosional & depositional Landforms 11. Where would you expect a delta to form? At the mouth of a river (meeting of a river and an ocean) 12. What structure keeps sand from filling in a shipping channel? Jetty

Lab 7: Glaciers 13. What is a Glacier? A large mass of ice that moves because of its weight and gravity. 14. Define: - Terminus: the front edge of the glacier. - Moraine: mound of sediment deposited at the front of a glacier. Valley Glacier: forms on top of a mountain and flows into valleys like “rivers of ice” 15. Describe why a glacier would advance. Glaciers advance if there is more snowfall and less melting 16. Describe why a glacier would retreat. Glaciers retreat if there is less snowfall and more melting.

Earth Systems Geosphere: the solid earth and all its layers Hydrosphere: all the planets water Atmosphere: the gases that surround the planet Biosphere: living organisms - Antrosphere: man made structure