Quantifying the integration of LEED ratings to Military High Performance Sustainable Buildings CATEE 2013 MAJ Autumn Leveridge, U.S. Army CPT Brian Schonefeld, U.S. Navy CPT Jared Solether, U.S. Navy Dr. John Walewski Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University CCLD/ USAFA/SOM

Agenda I.Context - DoD & building sustainability LEED and energy efficiency II.Student study results III.NRC study findings IV.Commercial building relationship

Context (what drove this) Duty officer role: – Major projects – various challenges – Conflicting requirement – LEED vs. energy – Service vs. DoD vs. federal vs. local vs. base requirements Evolving context: – National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA 2012) – LEED version changes – Energy real $ vs. ROI of LEED

Context II (what else going on) NSF 2012 Workshop – Sciences Behind Sustainability Quantification for Building and Infrastructure Design, Engineering, and Construction Consultant's Report – Cost Effectiveness Study of Various Sustainable Building Standards in Response to NDAA 2012 Section 2830 Requirements National Research Council Study – Energy-Efficiency Standards and Green Building Certification Systems Used by the Department of Defense for Military Construction and Major Renovations (2013)

Context II (what else going on) Consultant Study for DoD: Methodology for cost-benefit analysis, return on investment, and long-term payback for the building standards and green building certification systems: – American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard for the Design of High-Performance, Green Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential – ASHRAE Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential. – Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Silver, Gold, and Platinum certification for green buildings – Other American National Standards Institute (ANSI)-accredited standards NRC Study – Lit review/evaluate consultant/ identify approaches

Student Study Goals Connect Sustainability Efforts to Policy Directive – Does LEED Certification equate to achievement of Federal Guiding Principles and energy efficiency requirements? – Specific credits under LEED (2.2 NC) that clearly met the intent of federal Guiding Principles Data Selection – LEED projects database (v2.2 NC) – 283 “military” projects for evaluation, 209 used – Compared LEED certification levels, credits achieved, building types, etc. – Evaluation of Federal Guiding Principles including: EO EO EISA 2007

1970s 1974, Federal Energy Administration Act 1980s1990s 1991, Energy Management Policy 2000s 2005, Energy Policy Act 2006, Memorandum of Understanding 2007, Energy Independence and Security Act 2010s 2011, National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) Timeline of Federal Policy and LEED Criteria Versions 1970s1980s1990s 1998, Version1.0 Pilot 2000s 2000, Version 2.0 Version , Version , Version ‘ s 2012/13, Version 4 Pending

LEED NC 2.2 Category CreditDescriptionRequirement Sustainable Sites (SS) NA Water Efficiency (WE) Water Efficient Landscaping Water Use Reduction Reduce by 50% Reduce by 20% Energy & Atmosphere (EA) Optimize Energy Performance Measurement & Verification % New / % Existing Two Options Materials & Resources (MR) a Construction Waste Management Recycled Content Divert 50% from Disposal 10% (Post-consumer + 1/2 pre- consumer) Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) Construction IAQ Management Plan, During Construction/Before Occupancy Low-Emitting Materials, Adhesives & Sealants / Paints & Coatings / Carpet Systems Thermal Comfort, Design Daylight & ViewsDaylight 75% of Spaces Innovation & Design Process (ID) NA 18 Key LEED Credits for Military High Performance Sustainable Buildings

Student Study results 18 LEED credits align with Federal Guiding Principles No DoD consistency in achieving the “Aligning 18” LEED credits Least achieved DoD LEED credit is EA 5 - Measurement and Verification Suggested Path Forward: How might LEED better partner with Federal/DoD entities to meet sustainability mandate? Are DoD Project Managers and DoD leaders aware of how implementation has departed from policy? If not, what is the best way to refocus efforts away from point chasing?

NRC S findings (selected) Finding 1: The committee did not identify any research studies that conducted a traditional benefit-cost analysis to determine the long-term net present value savings, return on investment, or long-term payback related to the use of ASHRAE Standard , ASHRAE Standard , and the LEED or Green Globes green building certification systems. Finding 4: The analytical approach proposed by the DOD consultant has merit as a decision support tool in the DOD operating environment if appropriate and verifiable data are available for conducting benefit-cost and sensitivity analyses. Finding 5: The evidence from the literature search indicates that high- performance or green buildings can result in significant reductions in energy use and water use. The cost savings associated with the reductions in energy and water use will vary by geographic region, by climate zone, and by building type. Finding 8. DOD has the opportunity to continue to take a leadership role in improving the knowledge base about high-performance buildings, improving decision-support tools, and improving building models by collecting data on measured energy, water…

Commercial Building Ramifications DoD will continue with sustainable building High-performance / green buildings can result in significant reductions in energy use and water use Building performance measurement and verification is critical as is ROI justification

John Walewski, Ph.D. Department of Civil Engineering 3136 TAMU 705G CE/TTI Building Texas A&M University College Station, Texas