I. Geography of Northern Africa Handout 3-2

A.Vocabulary 1. Savanna-___________________________________ 2. Delta-______________________________________ ____________________________________________ 3. Cataract-___________________________________ ____________________________________________ A grassy plain

A.Vocabulary 1. Savanna-___________________________________ 2. Delta-______________________________________ ____________________________________________ 3. Cataract-___________________________________ ____________________________________________ A grassy plain low land formed at the mouth of some rivers by the silt the river drops there; often in shape of a triangle

A.Vocabulary 1. Savanna-___________________________________ 2. Delta-______________________________________ ____________________________________________ 3. Cataract-___________________________________ ____________________________________________ A grassy plain low land formed at the mouth of some rivers by the silt the river drops there; often in shape of a triangle Waterfall or a spot where water runs fast over rocks

1. What does “ Paleolithic period ” mean? Old Stone Age From the beginning of the use of stone tools to the development of agriculture App. 2.5 million y.a. to 12,000 y.a.

2. Explain how the Sahara turned from savanna to desert. About 5,000 BC, the climate began to change, getting warmer. Sahara slowly dried up and the grasses began to die.

3. Complete the following statements about the Nile River by filling in the blanks. a. The Nile is the world ’ s ________________ river. longest

b. It flows ____________ __ more than ____________ _ miles. northward 4,000

c. Its main source is at ___________ __ in central Africa. Lake Victoria

d. The Nile River flows into the ____________ _ Sea. Mediterranean

e. From the map on page 132, what are the two branches of the Nile River? Blue Nile

Khartoum, Sudan Blue Nile Lake Tana White Nile Lake Victoria

“Iteru”

4. What kinds of stone make up the cliffs near the Nile in Upper Egypt? LimestoneSandstone

5. How did this affect the channel of the Nile and why? The river has cut a deep channel through the soft rock. Soft rock is much more easily eroded than harder rock.

6. What kind of stone makes up the cliffs in Nubia to the south? Granite

7. How did this affect the channel of the Nile and why? The river runs over the harder granite and erodes it much more slowly. We call these cataracts.

1. Explain how the soil in Egypt became so fertile. The river carries silt eroded from the riverbed. When the river flooded, then receded, it left mineral rich silt behind on the floodplain.

Farming Along the Nile

2. What did the Egyptians call their home and what did it mean? KemetBlack Land

3. According to Egyptian beliefs, who caused the yearly flood? The Nile god, Hapi

4. What event brought an end to the yearly flood of the Nile? In 1972, the Aswan High Dam was built to control flooding.

5. How do Egyptians today keep their land suitable for farming? They use mechanical irrigation and canals.

Aswan High Dam

6. What did the Egyptians call the Sahara and what did it mean? Deshuret

1. How did most farmers get and pay for their farmland? Rented land from large landowners and paid part of their crop in rent.

2. Give five examples of crops the Egyptians grew. Wheat Barley OnionsLettuceBeans

3. Name four animals Egyptians raised for food. cattle goats shee p pigs

4. Out of what materials did Egyptians make clothing? Linen and wool

Where the Blue and White Nile Meet The Fertile Land of Egypt

E. Egypt was isolated by natural barriers 1. South-__________________ ________________________ 2. West-__________________ _______________________ 3. East-___________________ _______________________ 4. North-_________________ 6 cataracts of the Nile, mountains

E. Egypt was isolated by natural barriers 1. South-__________________ ________________________ 2. West-__________________ _______________________ 3. East-___________________ _______________________ 4. North-_________________ 6 cataracts of the Nile, mountains Western Desert (Sahara)

E. Egypt was isolated by natural barriers 1. South-__________________ ________________________ 2. West-__________________ _______________________ 3. East-___________________ _______________________ 4. North-_________________ 6 cataracts of the Nile, mountains Western Desert (Sahara) Red Sea Sinai Peninsula Eastern Desert (Sahara)

E. Egypt was isolated by natural barriers 1. South-__________________ ________________________ 2. West-__________________ _______________________ 3. East-___________________ _______________________ 4. North-_________________ __________________ 6 cataracts of the Nile, mountains Western Desert (Sahara) Red Sea Sinai Peninsula Eastern Desert (Sahara) Mediterranean Sea

The US spent app. $663,800,000,000 on defense in That is equal to approximately $1,262,880 per minute.