Patronage: Giving artists freedom to work Church as major patron from 15th c. Religious and Classical themes.

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Patronage: Giving artists freedom to work Church as major patron from 15th c. Religious and Classical themes

Giotto di Bondone (c ) Scenes from the Life of Christ: 20. Lamentation (1304-6) FrescoRealism EmotionPerspective

Masaccio (“Messy One”, a.k.a. Tommaso Guidi, Lo Scheggia [“The Splinter”], 1401-c. 1428) Trinity ( ) chiaroscuro (contrast of light and shade)

Sandro Botticelli (c ) The Birth of Venus (c. 1485) Classical themes

Leonardo da Vinci ( ) Self-Portrait (c. 1512) Vitruvian Man (1492) Virgin of the Rocks ( ) – sfumato (“smoky”) Mona Lisa (La Gioconda) (c )

Michelangelo Buonarroti ( ) The Creation of Adam (c. 1510) Nudes Sistine ChapelJulius II (p )

Raphael Sanzio ( ) Madonna della Seggiola (Madonna of the Chair, 1516) The School of Athens (1509)

Artemisia Gentileschi (1593-c. 1652) Judith Beheading Holofernes ( )

Neoplatonism Michelangelo The Pietà ( ) Donatello ( ) David (c. 1430)

Donato Bramante ( ) St Peter’s Basilica, Rome Tempietto, Rome Pythagoras (6 th c. BC) Giovanni Palestrina (c ) Super Flumina Babylonis

Giovanni Pico della Mirandola ( ) Kabbalah Free will as means to great good or evil Possibility of rising to angelic near-divinity

Niccolò Machiavelli ( ) Born in Florence. Humanist education Politician and ambassador 1512 Machiavelli forced to retire The Prince Discourses on the First Ten Books of Livy History of Florence

The End of the Renaissance: Economic decline: Ottomans, New World trade, competing producers/merchants Wars: Death, destruction, economic damage Results: reduction in patronage, lack of stable environment for artistic activity