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Warm Up: What do you think of when you hear, “the Renaissance”?
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III. Literature, Learning and the Renaissance Renaissance – “Rebirth” A. Universities and Learning Revival of ancient Greek and Roman learning in Latin Europe -Philosophy of Plato and Aristotle -Greek works on medicine, math, geography Began in Italy in the 1450’s
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III. Literature, Learning and the Renaissance B. Humanists and Printers Humanism – study of the “classics” -Grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history and ethics -Study of Greek and Latin languages Taught at European universities Humanist looked to ancient Greece and Rome for inspiration
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III. Literature, Learning and the Renaissance Printing press- mechanical device that pressed inked type onto sheets of paper Moveable pieces of type (individual letters) Ink suitable for printing on paper -perfected by Johann Gutenberg of Mainz
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Effects of Printing Press New ideas spread faster Books can reach wider audiences Bible translated into vernacular -Lessoned the dependence on the clergy -people could consult, interpret the Bible for themselves. Broke churches monopoly on religious information
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III. Literature, Learning and the Renaissance C. Renaissance Artists Characteristics: 1.Naturalism 2.Classicism 3.Individualism
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1. Naturalism Depict nature in a realistic manner Based on careful observation -anatomy Vitruvian Man Leonardo da Vinci 1492
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2. Classicism Greco-Roman influence. Secularism – non religious. Humanist Symmetry/Balance The “Classical Pose” Medici “Venus” (1c)
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3. Emphasis on Individualism Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The Duke & Dutchess of Urbino Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.
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Expulsion from the Garden Masaccio 1427 First nudes since classical times. 3. Emphasis on Individualism
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III. Literature, Learning and the Renaissance Techniques: 1.Perspective 2.Oil painting 3.Fresco 4.Free standing statues 5.Domes
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1. Perspective Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! First use of linear perspective! Perspective! Perspective! The Trinity Masaccio 1427 What you are, I once was; what I am, you will become.
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One Point Perspective Betrothal of the Virgin Raphael 1504
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1. Perspective Chiaroscuro Sfumato
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2. Oil Painting Mona Lisa Leonardo da Vinci 1516
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3. Fresco The Last Supper Leonardo da Vinci 1498
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David by Donatello 1430 First free-form bronze since Roman times! 4. Free Standing Statues
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The Pieta Michelangelo 1499 marble 4. Free Standing Statues
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David Michelangelo 1504 Marble 4. Free Standing Statues
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5. Domes Il Duomo- Florence St. Peter’s -Rome
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