4-1 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 4 4 Attitudes

4-3 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. What is an Attitude? McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Attitude ThoughtsFeelingsActions

4-4 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Attitudes and Self-Esteem McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Positive attitude High self-esteem Attitudes can make or break your relationships with others. Negative attitude Low self-esteem

4-5 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. What Makes a Good Attitude? McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.  Many studies have shown that you can choose to have a happy or positive attitude. continued

4-6 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. What Makes a Good Attitude? continued McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Four characteristics that happy people share:  Healthy self-esteem  Optimism  Extraversion  Personal control

4-7 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Changing Attitudes McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.  The key to changing a negative attitude into a positive one is feedback.

4-8 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Positive Attitudes and Optimal Experiences McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.  What makes you happy?  What do you love to do? continued

4-9 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Positive Attitudes and Optimal Experiences continued McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Achieved goal Optimal experience Flow continued

4-10 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Positive Attitudes and Optimal Experiences continued McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.  Optimal experience is the pleasure in performing the process of an activity itself, rather than achieving the goal.  Flow is the motion in which each step of a task seems to flow into the next.

4-11 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Eight Components of the Flow Experience McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 1. The activity requires a specific skill and is challenging. 2. Attention is completely absorbed by the activity. 3. There are clear goals for the activity. 4. Feedback is clear about how you are doing. continued

4-12 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Eight Components of the Flow Experience continued McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5. You are concentrating only on the task itself. 6. You achieve a sense of personal control. 7. You lose a sense of self-awareness. 8. You lose your sense of time.

4-13 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. “Flow” in Our Everyday Lives McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.  One key to personal happiness and life satisfaction is to take responsibility and find out what makes you feel flow in your work.

4-14 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Attitudes and Job Satisfaction  The degree of satisfaction any employee feels is based on the extent to which the job, and benefits associated with it, fulfill the employee’s needs and desires.

4-15 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Positive Attitudes and Managers: Theory X and Theory Y  Psychologist Douglas McGregor coined the terms Theory X and Theory Y to show the two opposite types of managers in terms of their attitudes toward people.

4-16 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Theory X Managers Theory X managers believe that:  Most people hate to work.  Most people have to be forced or bribed into working.  Most people don’t want responsibility.  Most people want security above all else.  Threatening employees is often necessary.

4-17 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Theory Y Managers Theory Y managers believe that:  Work is a natural activity.  People will find rewards in a job well done.  Most people like and seek responsibility.  Most people are creative and original.  The mental abilities of most people are sadly underused.

4-18 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Implementing a Theory Y Management Style Three factors must be considered before implementing Theory Y management:  The maturity level of the employees.  The meaningfulness of the work.  The speed of the transition.

4-19 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Strategy for Success 4.1: Changing Pessimism to Optimism Follow these steps when faced with a terrible situation: 1. Describe the situation. 2. What is the worst possible outcome of this situation, and is there anything you could do to prevent this outcome? 3. What is the best outcome that could occur in this situation, and is there anything you can do to make the best outcome occur? 4. What do you see as the most likely outcome, and what will you do to cope if the most likely outcome occurs?

4-20 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Strategy for Success 4.2: Building Positive Attitudes 1. As much as possible, be positive. 2. Don’t get trapped in someone else’s negative attitude. 3. Look for the good qualities in yourself, in others, and in your organization. 4. Don’t let situations outside of you push you around. 5. Become goal oriented.

Chapter 4 4 End of Chapter 4