End-of-Course Test Review Day 1

It was written by Thomas Paine in early 1776, it said that continued American loyalty to Britain would be absurd, and independence was the only rational thing for colonists to do. Common Sense This Scottish-born American industrialist made his fortune in the steel industry. Andrew Carnegie These are the nations united against the Axis during World War II. Allied Powers

This was a U.S. Supreme Court decision that established the legality of racial segregation so long as facilities were “separate but equal.” Plessy v. Ferguson This is a person who is not a citizen of the state in which they reside. Alien This is a method by which the Constitution may be changed or added to. Amendment Process

Before she became the second “first lady” of the United States, she urged her husband ( a major player in writing the Declaration of Independence at the Second continental Congress) to “remember the ladies” and consider the needs and rights of women as well as of men in forming the new country. Abigail Adams People who fought for emancipation of the slaves and to end the slave trade. Abolitionists

This politician from Tennessee became President following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, later becoming the first President to be impeached (he was found not guilty). Andrew Johnson He was a “founding father”, and author of the Federalist Papers, the first Sec. of the Treasury, and the architect of the firs fiscal plan for the U.S. after the ratification of the Constitution. However, he is most popular for losing a duel with Aaron Burr. Alexander Hamilton

Day 2

This is the first ten amendments to the constitution, generally directed at protecting the individual from abuse of power by the national government. Bill of Rights They were a Mesoamerican Indian culture that was devastated by Cortez and the Spanish in the 1520s. Aztecs This was the alliance of nations that opposed the Allies in World War II. Axis Powers

These are laws and regulations designed to protect trade and commerce from unfair business practices. Antitrust Special laws passed by southern state governments immediately after the Civil War. They were designed to control former slaves, and to subvert the intent of the 13th Amendment. Black Codes

This was a delivery of supplies in a German city to circumvent the Soviet blockade. Berlin Airlift The first government of the United States was based on this, which was created in 1777. Articles of Confederation He was a printer, scientist and inventor who helped write both the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. Benjamin Franklin

This was the classic statement on race relations by Booker T This was the classic statement on race relations by Booker T. Washington, made in a speech at the Atlanta Exposition (1895). He asserted that vocational education, which gave blacks a chance for economic security, was more valuable than social equality or political office. Atlanta Compromise “Sultan of Swat, This baseball great played for the New York Yankees, “Home Run King” until 1974. Credited with saving the game of baseball after the disgrace of the 1919 World Series. Babe Ruth

Day 3

He was the first man to pilot the first solo non-stop flight across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927 aboard his airplane, the Spirit of St. Louis. Charles Lindbergh This is the nickname given to black soldiers with the U.S. Cavalry who helped to spread the U.S. westward in the decades following the Civil War. Buffalo Soldiers

This law, passed in 1882, forbade any laborers from China to enter the U.S. for 10 years. Chinese Exclusion Act This was the solution to the contested Presidential election of 1876 and furthermore brought an end to the period of Reconstruction following the Civil War. Compromise of 1877

Signed into law by President Johnson, this bill protected African Americans and women from job discrimination and any discrimination in public places. Civil Rights Act of 1964 This is the system of overlapping powers among judicial, executive, and legislative branches to allow each branch to oversee the actions of the others. Checks and Balances

People who moved to the South during or following the Civil War and became active in politics, they helped to bring Republican control of southern state governments during Reconstruction and were bitterly resented by most white Southerners. Carpetbaggers This was a name given to the relations between the U.S. & the Soviet Union in the second half of the 20th century which saw the buildup of nuclear arms. Cold War

During the Great Depression (specifically 1932), this group of veterans protested in Washington, D.C., to receive their “bonus” for fighting in World War I, though payment was not required until the next decade. Bonus Army This was an agreement that California would be admitted to the Union, the slave trade in the District of Columbia would be restricted, and the Fugitive Slave Law would be enforced. Compromise of 1850

Day4

This was a U.S. social reformer on behalf of the mentally ill. Dorthea Dix This amendment prohibited the sale and use of alcoholic beverages. Eighteenth This is a system of government in which the people participate directly in making all public policy. Direct Democracy

These are Spanish explorers who conquered native American cultures. Conquistadores These are international relations influenced by economic considerations. Dollar Diplomacy This is an advocacy for or work toward protecting nature from destruction or pollution. Environmentalism

Powers specifically given to the government by the Constitution. Delegated Powers Powers that are held by both the federal and state governments. Concurrent Powers This was the system by which the Spanish government rewarded its governors in the Americas with title to land and permission to enslave any natives living on that land. Encomienda

This is the name given to the general reduction in the tension between the Soviet Union and the United States that occurred from the late 1960s until the start of the 1980s. Detente

Day 5

This is a tax on production, transportation, sale or consumption of a certain good or service. Excise Tax The nickname given to women of the 1920s who wore their dresses short, their hair shorter, and lived a very active social life. Flappers These are the powers that can only be executed by the federal government. Executive Powers

This is the time during which the nation was free from the influence of European political and military events. Era of Good Feelings This is the branch of government that is responsible for carrying out the laws. Executive This is the movement aimed at equal rights for women. Feminist Movement

This was a series of Articles written to persuade New York to ratify the Constitution. Federalist Papers This system of government has powers divided between the central government and regional governments, with central government being supreme. Federalism

This was a federally sponsored corporation which insures deposits in national banks and certain other qualifying financial institutions up to a stated amount. FDIC This is the central banking authority in the United States, which supervises commercial banks by monitoring accounts and controlling interest rates. Federal Reserve

Day 6

This was the period during 1920s of outstanding creativity centered in New York’s black ghetto. Harlem Renaissance This was a religious revival that promised the grace of God to all who could experience a desire for it. Great Awakening This was the hypothesis that wealth was the great end of man, the one thing needful. Gospel of Wealth

Battles between France and England in the new world resulting in the loss of all French possessions. French and Indian War This was a group of American farmers who united in the late 19th century to lobby Congress to pass laws protecting them from unfair business practices of large industry. Grangers

This is an election in which the people choose from among the candidates nominated by the various political parties. General Election This is the name given to President L.B. Johnson’s domestic programs, among them VISTA, Job Corps, Head Start, the “War on Poverty,” and the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Great Society

U.S. Cavalry General whose unwise and reckless conduct got him and over 200 soldiers of the Seventh Cavalry killed at the Battle of Little Bighorn. George Custer This was a political party that formed after the civil war, and opposed reduction in the amount of paper money in circulation. Greenback Party

A Native American movement in the 1890s that believed a ritualistic ceremony would result in the reanimation of Indian dead and the defeat of the white invaders into the West. Ghost Dance

Day 7

This is a tax levied on net personal or business income. Income tax This is a policy of advocating participation in foreign countries affairs. Interventionism They were a South American Indian culture that was devastated by Pizarro and the Spanish in the 1530s. Incas

This granted tribes unsettled western prairie land in exchange for their territories within state borders, mainly in the southeast. Indian Removal Act This was the act of genocide carried out by Germany on the Jewish population of Europe. Holocaust This was the practice of the British Navy to stop U.S. ships on the open ocean and force crewmen into British naval service. Impressments

Powers that are not expressed but that the government may be inferred to have from another power. Implied Powers Legislation passed in 1862 allowing any citizen or applicant for citizenship over 21 years old and head of a family to acquire 160 acres of public land by living on it and cultivating it for 5 years. Homestead Act

This was the system sponsored by English colonies grant land to the person who purchases passage to the colony from Europe. Headright System

Day 8

Laws requiring that facilities and accommodations, public and private, be segregated by race. Jim Crow Laws This is a policy of nonparticipation in international affairs. Isolationism This was the first permanent English colony in the New World. Jamestown

This is the branch of government that is responsible for interpreting what the law means. Judicial This is the power of a court to review a law or an official act of a government employee or agent for constitutionality or for the violation of basic principles of justice. Judicial Review

This was the “Great Chief Justice,” he presided over the case of Marbury v. Madison and was remembered as the principal founder of the U.S. system of constitutional law. John Marshall He was an English soldier and sailor, who is now remembered helping to establish Jamestown, the first permanent English colony in North America. John Smith

This politician from Mississippi was once Secretary of War for President Franklin Pierce, though he is more known for being the first and only President of the confederate States of America. Jefferson Davis The New York industrialist who made hundreds of millions of dollars in the 19th century with this Standard Oil company and pioneered the corporate strategy of vertical integration. John D. Rockefeller

The 35th President of the United States, he was known for authorizing the failed “Bay of Pigs” invasion, successfully leading the country during the “Cuban Missile Crisis,” and for being assassinated while in Dallas, Texas, in November of 1963. John F. Kennedy

Day 9

This was a national conflict in an Asian country aided by Russia in the North and the U.S. in the South (1950-1953). Korean War This is the branch of government that creates and makes laws. Legislative These are actions of an interest group or agents to influence the policy of the governments. Lobbying

This was written in 1963 to defend the author’s peaceful civil rights campaign. King’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail This was a secret society organized in the South after the Civil War to reassert white supremacy by means of terrorism. Ku Klux Klan French term which means “allow to do”, the philosophy that government should stay out of the market Laissez-Faire

In 1854 Stephen A. Douglas introduced this to the Senate, to allow states to enter the Union with or without slavery. Kansas Nebraska Act These explorers ventured into the Louisiana Territory in 1803 and became the first U.S. citizens to navigate their way westward to the Pacific Ocean. Lewis and Clark

This is a ruling body that is not all powerful, but is restricted in what it may do by certain rights guaranteed to the people which may not be abolished or taken away from the people. Limited Government Often associated with confrontational Civil Rights protest, he was a leader in the Nation of Islam in the U.S>, an early advocate of “Black Power,” but became a more moderate voice in the Civil Rights Movement before his assassination in 1965. Malcolm X

Day 10

This was the concept of U. S This was the concept of U.S. territorial expansion westward to the Pacific Ocean seen as a diving right. Manifest Destiny This was a 1200 mile route from Illinois to Salt Lake City, Utah. Mormon Trail This was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony, signed by the Pilgrims in November of 1620. Mayflower Compact

This is an organization of a nation’s armed forces for active military service in time of war or other national emergency. Mobilization This was an announcement that the American continents were not subjects for future colonization by any European country. Monroe Doctrine