Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) The goals appeared the first time in the 1996 OECD publication: Shaping the 21 st Century: The Contribution of Development Cooperation. General Assembly 8th September 2000: Millenium Declaration All 189 member states of the UN approved the goals 2001, based on the Millenium declaration a working group of UN, OECD/DAC and World Bank formulates the 8 „Millenium Development Goals“, precised by 18 Targets and 48 Indicators a synthesis of target formulations elaborated during UN Conferences of the 90th The MDGs were set as “global goals” However, from the very beginning also the protagonists of the goals interpreted them as “performance goals” measured for world regions and countries. 1

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation The 8 MDGs eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005, and at all levels by Ratios of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling 2.1 Net enrolment ratio in primary education 2.2 Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach last grade of primary 2.3 Literacy rate of year-olds, women and men 6.1 HIV prevalence among population aged years 6.3 Proportion of population aged years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS 6.4 Ratio of school attendance of orphans to school attendance of non-orphans aged years 6.7 Proportion of children under 5 sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets 6.8 Proportion of children under 5 with fever who are treated with appropriate anti-malarial drugs 2 selected indicators

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation Summary of the current achievements on the way to reach the MDGs reached success based on 2009 data necessary success to reach 2015 target 3

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation MDG Indicator progress, number of poor countries 4 Sample size: 76 countries, IDA-eligible

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation Top MDG Index Performers 5 Lowest MDG Index Performers

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation Millennium Development Goals ad Midpoint: Where do we stand and where do we need to go? (Bourgignon et al.,2008) Progress on poverty is very much driven by overachievers in East and South Asia. Sub-Saharan African countries lag significantly behind other regions in all MDGs. In effect, there are clear regional patterns in MDG progress that depend on initial conditions and recent growth performance. perform relatively worse in health and, in the case of South Asia, in education and gender equity. Asian countries are over-achievers in the income poverty goal. Global progress is surprisingly good, especially for the poverty and the gender parity goals; less so for the child mortality and maternal mortality goal. Relative underachievers in poverty reduction goal, although their poverty level is low by international standards Latin America and Middle East relative over- achievers in health, education and gender equity. 6

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation Summary The MDGs’ achievement gap is much larger in ‘fragile’ states.  one of the reasons why Sub-Saharan Africa lags behind on MDG progress is the relatively large proportion of so-called ‘fragile states’ in that region The poorest regions, South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, are the two regions still seriously off- track for pimary completion rates and for child mortality. Progress has been good on gender equity in primary and secondary enrolments in all regions.  Yet Sub-Saharan Africa and fragile states still lag considerably behind.  Not a single country in Sub- Saharan Africa is on track to meet the goal at this stage. 7

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation School attendance worldwide ( Primary school net enrolment / attendance ratio, by region (2000 – 2006) Numbers (in million) of primary- school-age children out of school 2002 and ) Primary-school net attendance ration, by background characteristics ( ) 8

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation For girls in some regions, education remains elusive Girls’ school enrolment in relation to boys’ (girls per 100 boys) 9

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation 93 MILLION CHILDEREN OF PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE ARE OUT OF SCHOOL Number of primary-school-age children not in school, by region (2006) ( 10

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation MLM MDG 2 Recht auf Bildung 11